Giriş: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu (UNICEF), 6. ayda ek besinlere başlayarak emzirmenin 2 yaşına kadar sürdürülmesini önermektedir. Çalışmamızdaki amacımız 0-2 yaş arası çocuklardaki beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve annelerinin beslenme konusundaki bilgi düzeylerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmaya 0-2 yaş bebeği olan toplam 250 anne dahil edildi. Annelere, sosyodemografik özelliklerin, anne sütünün, ek besinlerin ve bu konularda annelerin bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirildiği bir anket formu verildi. Ardından bebeklerin boy-kilo ölçümleri yapıldı. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 16,0 istatistik programı kullanılarak değerlendirildi, istatistiksel analizlerde tanımlayıcı analizler ve ki-kare testi kullanıldı. p<0,05 anlamlılık sınırı olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Bebeklerin %84,3’ü ilk 1 saat içinde anne sütü almıştır. %41.3’ü 3-6 ay arası anne sütü alırken, %16,5’inde 6 aydan önce anne sütü kesilmiştir. Bebeklerin %50,8’i mama ile beslenmiş, %49,2’sine ise biberon verilmiştir. Bebeklerin %25,6’sına 6 aydan önce, %51,2’sine ise 6 aydan sonra ek gıda başlanmıştır. Anne eğitimi ile anne sütü hakkında bilgi, ek gıda hakkında bilgi, anne sütü kesilme zamanı ve bebek kilo persentili arasında fark bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Annelerin anne sütü ve tamamlayıcı beslenme konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri ne kadar iyi olursa toplumun da bilgi düzeyi o kadar artış gösterecek ve davranışlarına yansıyacaktır.

Aims This study aims to evaluate the changes in smoking addiction levels during the on‐going Covid‐19 pandemic. Methods This study included 104 participants, ≥18 years old who were previous patients of family health clinics for a variety of reasons in the months preceding the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was administered to these patients as part of their initial intakes. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire related to socio‐demographic information and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence after obtaining agreement to participate during the pandemic period. In addition, written informed consent was obtained. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20, was used to analyse the acquired data. Results The participants were 48.1% and 51.9% women and men, respectively. The pre‐pandemic and Covid‐19 pandemic mean smoking addiction scores were 5.03 and 5.6, respectively. The smoking addiction levels before and during the Covid‐19 pandemic significantly differed (P < .001). Of the individuals with low smoking addiction levels before the pandemic, 17.6% and 29.4% became moderately and highly addicted, respectively. Of the individuals with moderate smoking addiction level, 6.3% and 43.9% became lowly and highly addicted, respectively. Conclusion The smoking addiction level may change based on various factors including behavioural changes. While increases in smoking addiction during the pandemic can be observed caused by behavioural changes and anxieties that may arise because of the pandemic, a decrease in addiction levels and even smoking cessation can also be observed during these times because of the more progressive course of Covid‐19 in smokers. Health institutions should therefore take advantage of this period and focus more efforts on the cessation of smoking and other substance abuse issues.

The study set out to find out how common urine incontinence was in the community and how it affected people’s quality of life and other relevant characteristics. Patients who applied to Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics were asked to complete a questionnaire as part of the study. Participants who consented to participate in the study were given access to a questionnaire that included the Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Three Incontinence Questions (3IS) form. There were 18.5% of male participants and 81.5% of female participants in terms of gender distribution. It was found that urine incontinence affected 29.9% of the individuals. The median ICIQ-SF Score values varied statistically significantly depending on whether incontinence was present (P < .001). The ICIQ-SF Score median values according to incontinence types showed a statistically significant difference (P < .001). The total score of the incontinence quality of life scale showed a statistically significant variation based on the presence of incontinence (P < .001). For people without incontinence, the median overall score on the incontinence quality of life scale was 82, whereas for people with incontinence, it was 67. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent health issue that can have a significant negative impact on a person’s quality of life because of the psychosocial impacts, lifestyle limits, and social effects. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the impacts of urine incontinence, create support and treatment plans, and strive toward early patient detection to enhance quality of life.

Pregnancy is a special period of increased nutritional needs during which conscious nutritional support is required. Insufficient and imbalanced nutrition in this period of life causes serious conditions that affect both child and mother. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pregnancy and nutrition/nutritional habits during pregnancy. In this descriptive study, a questionnaire was conducted on a voluntary basis to pregnant women who were admitted to the Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital. Questions about general information, pregnancy-related information, thoughts and knowledge about breastfeeding, nutritional habits, and meal frequency were asked to pregnant women. Three hundred fourteen questionnaires were assessed in the study. SPSS for Windows Version 16.0 and MS-Excel 2007 were used for statistical evaluations. P<0.05 was accepted as statistical significance. There was a statistically significant relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and number of pregnancies; level of education and income levels; number of children and history of caesarian section as an additional problem within previous pregnancies. The change of nutritional habits during pregnancy was examined; we found that consumption of fruits (51%) and vegetables (40.8%) increased the most, while intake of tea (26.1%) and redmeat (21%) mainly decreased during pregnancy. It was found that during pregnancy 20.4% of pregnant women had never consumed fish, 13.1% abstained from red meat, and 12.4% excluded white meat from their diet. We believe that this study will help to raise awareness about adequate and balanced nutrition during pregnancy and to define special nutritional recommendations.

Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in sleep behavior and nutrition in children during the pandemic period. Methods One hundred fourteen parents who accepted to participate in the study aged 18 and over and who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 were included in the study. A questionnaire was carried out after written consents were obtained. In the first part of the questionnaire, there were a total of 9 questions including socio‐demographic information and nutritional characteristics, and the second part included the “Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children” (SDSC). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 20 statistical program. Results The total number of participants was 114 parents; 64 (56%) of the children were girls and 50 (43.9%) were boys. Among the participants, the number of children who had COVID‐19 was 38 (33.3%). There was no statistically significant relationship between going through COVID‐19 status and the variables examined in general. The proportion of participants who stated that if the pandemic period was prolonged, COVID‐19 would not change their diet was found to be statistically significant (P = .038). The SDSC score was found to be significantly high in girls (P < .05). Conclusion Sleep and nutritional disorders affect the quality of life for all ages for both genders, and their importance increases even more in extraordinary periods such as pandemic. Sleep problems increasing especially with an accompanying anxiety state may lead to developmental problems as well as deepening psychological disorders.