Urban trees play a vital role in mitigating climate changes, maintaining the sustainability of ecosystems. This study focuses on the assessment of the resilience of cherry plums to climate changes, a fruit-bearing species that offers diverse ecosystem services within multifunctional urban and suburban landscapes. This study examines flowering and fruiting in the context of climate characteristics, expressed through the Day of the Year (DOY), Growing Degree Days (GDDs), and a yield over 17 consecutive years. The results indicate significant shifts in the DOY but not in the GDD, apart from the end of flowering. The onset of flowering was earlier and the end postponed, extending the phenophase by an average of 4 days. The cherry plum’s yield was unaffected by climate changes, including extreme events like a late-spring frost. The stability of the cherry plum was confirmed by the phenological patterns of the bullace (cherry plum and blackthorn hybrid) exhibiting repeated flowering in the warmest year of 2023. The cherry plum is an adaptive species, with a high adaptability to a changing climate and a high resistance to late-spring frosts; thus, it is a favorable choice in urban design and planning, demonstrating resilience to climate shifts and thriving in polluted urban environments. It is especially appreciated for multiple ecosystem services: biodiversity conservation in natural and semi-natural areas, yielding good provisions in challenging environments, and the preservation of ornamental values through an extended flowering phenophase.

The study focuses on describing key events in the flowering phenophases of woody taxa that promote practical landscape sustainability and design planning. Apart from the beginning of flowering, the full development and the duration of phenophases are important for landscape architecture, consumers, and pollination. The phenological patterns of 13 woody taxa were monitored for 16 years through 90,860 phenological observations from the BBCH scale for the period 2007–2022. Growing degree days were determined by combining phenological and climatic data and a linear trend was used to assess phenophase tendencies. Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to assess statistical significance. Shifts in flowering indicated warming trends, reflecting various changes in phenology. Early flowering taxa were affected the most, but plants shifted phenophases in both directions (earlier and later in the year). Repeated flowering (and occasionally fruiting) and even third flowering, as seen in 2022, can significantly affect biodiversity and lead to plant–pollinator asynchrony and changes in ecosystem functioning, ecological interaction, and landscape design. A list of native and introduced taxa and their adaptation mechanisms to climate change are provided and can be used for sustainable landscape design and nature-based solutions in landscape architecture.

Climate change increasingly impacts urban dendroflora, affecting plant physiology and phenological phases. This paper investigates the impact of changing climatic conditions on the blooming of Fraxinus ornus ‘Globosa’, a decorative form of ash that is a significant component of green infrastructure in Novi Sad, Serbia. The research, conducted over 15 years on 42 individuals in a linear planting near a large river, analyzed temperature and precipitation effects on blooming times and inflorescence characteristics The results indicate changes in the timing of blooming, earlier than recorded in the literature, suggesting that temperature variations and changes in climatic conditions have significantly influenced the phenological phases of the selected clones of globe flowering ash. Additionally, the studied individuals showed exceptional adaptation to climate change and are not considered vulnerable. This study confirmed that this cultivar of flowering ash in urban environments is a key link in the green infrastructure of cities, functioning as green corridors along river flows as a nature-based solution. The studied cultivar is an important element of cultural heritage, contributing to the recreational potential of the linear composition of the promenade, especially during the flowering phenophase, when, in addition to its aesthetic values, it has psychological effects on users of the space, offering a calming influence due to its regular canopy and planting rhythm. Additionally, this cultivar provides important ecological functions, such as offering pollen for pollinators, thereby significantly contributing to the implementation of ecosystem services.

Urban stressors intensified by climate change affect plants in terms of growth, vitality, and ornamental value. This study examines how different light availability (full sun, partial shade, and shade) affect the development, fruit morphology, and planting suitability of Rosa rugosa Thunb. in urban environments. A total of 360 shrub individuals were analyzed in a linear formation along a riverbank in Novi Sad, Serbia, linking climatic parameters with the bioecological characteristics of the investigated plants. Comparison of the groups was performed using the multivariate methods and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, 13 morphological parameters were analyzed on a sample of 100 fruits per group. There were no significant deviations in fruiting patterns, but the fruit parameters, even though showing high yield and favorable fruit size, indicated that light variation affects morphology. These findings confirm the species’ resilience and adaptability to urban environments, capable of withstanding various challenges, including proximity to paved surfaces, heavy traffic, and diverse light conditions. R. rugosa proves to be an ideal choice for urban planting and nature-based solutions that enhance human well-being.

Urban tree planting is widely promoted for its benefits, but the long-term condition of trees is poorly documented, especially as changing and often incompatible conditions, intensified by climate change, affect their ability to deliver those benefits. A case study in Topčider Park (since 1836) was conducted during 2025 through the evaluation of diversity, growth parameters, ornamental value, vitality, and total fresh biomass and the identification of tree taxa with high carbon-sequestration potential in Belgrade (Serbia). The data were statistically processed using descriptive statistics, the Shannon diversity and the Pielou evenness index, PCA, Spearman rank and Chi-square tests. The results indicated a wide distribution and high homogeneity of taxa, greater stability within Angiospermae and moderate stability within Gymnospermae, with PCA showing no correlations between growth parameters, vitality, and ornamental value, confirming the close proximity of all taxa. At the taxon level, London plane, English oak, Ginkgo and Bald cypress stood out in growth parameters, while the assessment of total fresh biomass for all 51 taxa highlighted London plane, Scots pine and Bald cypress as particularly productive and adaptive. Carbon sequestration and CO₂ reduction varied with total fresh biomass. The study offers evidence-based recommendations for selecting urban tree taxa to enhance ecosystem services and support climate-adaptation efforts in urban planning.

One of the emerging services provided by roadside green infrastructure is its contribution to the quality of landscape phenology, which is measured through the succession of colours and forms throughout the seasons. In the seasonal dynamics of space, flowering phenological patterns play a key role, particularly in early blooming species such as Cornus mas L. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the significance of the Cornelian cherry as a component of roadside green infrastructure in the southwestern suburban zone of Belgrade. Through an integrative approach to phenological and climatic elements, and by means of a specific case study covering the period from 2007 to 2025, under climate change conditions, the influence of air temperature and precipitation on local flowering patterns of the Cornelian cherry has been assessed. Based on 1140 phenological observations conducted over 19 consecutive years, from January to April, key flowering elements were identified—those that influence pollination, fruiting, and the species’ practical potential. The Mann–Kendall, Sen’s slope, Rayleigh, and Watson–Williams tests were used to examine spatio-temporal changes in flowering patterns, while the Spearman Rank test and circular statistics were applied to quantify correlations among the analysed parameters. The results confirm that Cornelian cherry is an adaptive and sustainable species that continuously provides visual identity during its flowering period, while simultaneously reflecting climate change through phenological responses. These phenological responses are closely linked to local climatic conditions. In addition to enriching landscape phenology with vibrant visual features during the colder months, Cornelian cherry also enhances biodiversity by providing ecosystem services as a nectar-producing species, with its pollen serving as an early and valuable food source for bees. The study also confirms that the seasonal dynamics of landscape phenology can be used as a scientifically valid criterion for assessing the ecological quality of roadside green infrastructure.