COX-2 is overexpressed in colorectal tumour tissue relative to the healthy colonic mucosa, thus we investigated the prognostic significance of COX-2 in determining the metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched using the following terms colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal carcinoma, Cyclooxygenase-2, and prognosis to identify articles providing information on the prognostic importance of COX-2 in adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Review papers, non-research letters, comments, case reports, animal studies, original research with sample sizes of fewer than 20, case reports and series, non-English language articles, and pediatric studies (those under the age of 17) were excluded. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the credibility of the included studies. The full texts were evaluated and this study complied with the terms of the local protocol and the Helsinki Declaration. Eight relevant studies were included in this review involving 937 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that COX-2 expression is associated with lymph node invasion (RR 1.85 [1.21, 2.83], P = 0.005, I2 = 88 %) and liver metastasis (RR 4.90 [1.12, 21.57], P = 0.04, I2 = 42 %), but not with venous dissemination (RR 1.48 [0.72, 3.03], P = 0.28, I2 = 87 %). COX-2 expression is associated with lymph node invasion in colorectal cancer but further studies are required to determine the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in determining metastasis status for colorectal cancer patients.

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard treatment for early breast cancer in Indonesia. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of BCS with oncoplastic surgery (OPS), a less common method of breast cancer treatment in the country. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Patients with biopsy-proven Stage I to II breast cancer who underwent either OPS or BCS between 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2023, were identified. Data were collected by reviewing patient files and electronic records. A total of 82 patients were included in the study, with 43 (52.4%) undergoing BCS and 39 (47.6%) undergoing OPS. Age in OPS group 39.25 ± 4.9 was not significant difference compare with BCS group 39.86 ± 5.11. The mean tumor volume was higher in the OPS group (34.72 cm³) compared to the BCS group (22.35 cm³), and postoperative complications were also higher in the OPS group (7.6% vs 0%). Despite the use of frozen section analysis in the operating theatre, the frequency of positive margins was greater in the BCS group (9.3% vs 2.5%). There were no significant differences in the histologic type of tumor and immunohistochemistry between the two groups. OPS is a valid alternative approach to breast cancer treatment that can be offered to women with early stage breast cancer at complex locations owing to the reduced occurrence of positive margins and thus lowered re-excision rates.

Splenic cyst is a rare disease, with reported incidences ranging from 0.07 to 0.3 %. A splenic cyst is typically discovered inadvertently and may not cause any symptoms until it grows to a significant size. In some cases, complications such as acute abdomen may be brought on by an intracystic hemorrhage, rupture, or infection. As a rare disease, diagnosing a splenic cyst is still precarious because only a few cases have been reported. The first case is a 23-year-old Asian man without a significant history of illness who complains of a left upper quadrant mass that he discovered 10 years prior. Since then, the mass had been gradually growing and had been accompanied by severe pain. Walking made the pain worse; lying down made it lessen. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a 20.05 × 15.95 × 26.71 cm splenic cyst. Surgery for a peri-cystic splenectomy was done. A primary splenic cyst was identified in the specimen after microscopic and macroscopic examination. After 10 days, the patient was released from the hospital without complications. The second case is that of a 28-year-old Asian man who complained of a mass in their abdomen that was getting bigger in size. Four years prior to the complaint, the patient had fallen while driving a motorcycle, and the left side of his abdomen collided with the sidewalk. In this patient, a splenectomy-the complete removal of all spleen parts-was done. The specimen's macroscopic and microscopic examination revealed a splenic pseudocyst. The patient was discharged after three days without complications. Splenic cysts are considered rare and challenging to diagnose, as there have been only a limited number of reports. Nevertheless, proper management is still needed, as it carries the risk of rupturing and causing complications such as peritonitis and anaphylactic reactions. Considering the risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), conservative treatment can be the gold standard for splenic cysts. However, considering the risk from the size of the cyst, splenectomy or peri-cystic splenectomy is an appropriate surgery option for a splenic cyst. Splenectomy, or peri-cystic splenectomy, is a surgery option for a splenic cyst with significant size and rupture risk.

Background. Liver biopsy as the gold standard for assessing the degree and diagnosis of fibrosis still has significant drawbacks, which make the emergence of a much less invasive diagnostic marker possible. M2BPGi levels and the AGAP score, the two newest serological markers, are known to have good sensitivity for detecting liver fibrosis. This study is aimed at determining the validity of examining M2BPGi levels and AGAP scores on the Fibroscan examination as markers of noninvasive test for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods. This is an observational, descriptive study with a retrospective design. This study used secondary data taken from medical records and blood specimen research materials of outpatients at the Hepatology Gastroenterology Polyclinic at a tertiary general hospital in West Java, Indonesia, with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B. Results. There were 109 research subjects included. There were 73 (66.9) subjects with no- or low-grade fibrosis and 36 (33.1) with advanced fibrosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the M2BPGi were 88.9 and 61.6 (PPV 55.3; NPV 91.8; AUC 0.753), while the AGAP score was 47.2 and 100 (PPV 100; NPV 79.3; AUC 0.736). The combined M2BPGi level and the AGAP score showed a sensitivity of 80.9 and a specificity of 100 (PPV 100; NPV 91.8; AUC 0.905). Conclusion. The AGAP score and M2BPGi levels together are a better way to measure the degree of liver fibrosis in people with chronic hepatitis B than either M2BPGi or the AGAP score alone.

Link of Video https://youtu.be/KymCxU8ATU0 Background: Colorectal cancer is now the third most common cancer both globally and in Indonesia. An important component of the adaptive immune system, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) are key in the immune response to malignancies, which were previously believed to be the primary initiators of anti-tumor immunity. A higher TIL CD8+ levels in the tumor microenvironment and a better prognosis have been associated with anticancer benefits in a number of cancers. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ expression and their relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. Patients in the digestive surgery division with colorectal cancer served as the study's research subjects. There were 36 study subjects that were randomly selected from the available specimens. Examination of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes CD8+ expression was carried out by the immunohistochemistry method. Result: Expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes CD8+, was positive in nine (25%) patients, and normal expression was shown in 27 (75%) patients. Most of the patients had adenocarcinomas histologically (91.7%), and 66.7% of patients were older than 50, with 77.8% of the tumors located at the rectum. Univariate analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics related to the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes CD8+, showed a non-significant relationship statistically (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ expression in colorectal cancers.

Bone tissue engineering requires biomimetic materials; however, pure polylactic acid (PLA) exhibits limited osteoinductivity and produces acidic byproducts upon degradation. To address these limitations, this study fabricated PLA scaffolds using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) with four distinct lattice structures (rectangular, triangular, gyroid, and 3D honeycomb) and incorporated hydroxyapatite (HA) at 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt% via injection molding. Mechanical properties were evaluated via compression, three-point bending, and tensile testing. The results revealed that increasing HA content significantly reduced structural strength and increased brittleness across all test modes. Specifically, specimens with 30 wt% HA exhibited a 70.8% reduction in bending strength relative to pure PLA (from 58.60 MPa to 17.07 MPa), while tensile strength decreased by 46.1% at just 10 wt% HA (from 37.54 MPa to 20.23 MPa). Although the triangular lattice achieved the highest absolute compressive load, the rectangular lattice provided a superior load-to-weight ratio and greater plastic deformation capacity before fracture. Consequently, these findings indicate that the rectangular pattern at 70% infill density combined with HA addition limited to ≤10 wt% represents the most mechanically balanced design for bone defect repair applications. Based on the mechanical characterization performed in this study, and drawing on published evidence regarding the biological properties of PLA/HA composites, these scaffolds represent a mechanically promising candidate for further evaluation in bone tissue regeneration. Biological validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is required before clinical relevance can be established.