Bone tissue engineering requires biomimetic materials; however, pure polylactic acid (PLA) exhibits limited osteoinductivity and produces acidic byproducts upon degradation. To address these limitations, this study fabricated PLA scaffolds using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) with four distinct lattice structures (rectangular, triangular, gyroid, and 3D honeycomb) and incorporated hydroxyapatite (HA) at 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt% via injection molding. Mechanical properties were evaluated via compression, three-point bending, and tensile testing. The results revealed that increasing HA content significantly reduced structural strength and increased brittleness across all test modes. Specifically, specimens with 30 wt% HA exhibited a 70.8% reduction in bending strength relative to pure PLA (from 58.60 MPa to 17.07 MPa), while tensile strength decreased by 46.1% at just 10 wt% HA (from 37.54 MPa to 20.23 MPa). Although the triangular lattice achieved the highest absolute compressive load, the rectangular lattice provided a superior load-to-weight ratio and greater plastic deformation capacity before fracture. Consequently, these findings indicate that the rectangular pattern at 70% infill density combined with HA addition limited to ≤10 wt% represents the most mechanically balanced design for bone defect repair applications. Based on the mechanical characterization performed in this study, and drawing on published evidence regarding the biological properties of PLA/HA composites, these scaffolds represent a mechanically promising candidate for further evaluation in bone tissue regeneration. Biological validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is required before clinical relevance can be established.

Bone tissue engineering requires biomimetic materials, but pure polylactic acid (PLA) lacks osteoinductivity and produces acidic byproducts during degradation. To address these limitations, this study fabricated PLA scaffolds using fused-deposition modeling with four distinct lattice structures (rectangular, triangular, gyroid, and honeycomb) and incorporated hydroxyapatite (HA) at ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% via injection molding. Mechanical properties were evaluated through compression, bending, and tensile testing. The results revealed that increasing HA content significantly reduced structural strength and increased brittleness. Specifically, specimens with 30% HA showed a 50% reduction in bending strength, while tensile strength dropped by approximately 46% at just 10% HA. Although the triangular lattice maximized absolute load capacity, the rectangular lattice provided a superior load-to-weight ratio and greater plastic deformation before fracture. Consequently, these findings suggest that the rectangular pattern with 70% infill density demonstrates the most suitable mechanical properties combined with limited HA addition (< 10%) to balance necessary mechanical integrity with the enhanced bioactivity required for repairing large bone defects. These PLA/HA composite scaffolds offer a promising approach for advanced bone tissue regeneration.

Introduction: A Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor, but often aggressive with recurrence or metastasis tendency. Often, distal radius GCT is presented in relatively small or medium sizes. Large and fungating distal radius GCT is characterized by its higher ability to infiltrate, destruct, and compromise its surrounding tissue. Therefore, it increases the risk of complications including amputation. The treatment requires more complex surgery and reconstruction than usual GCT. In this case series, we prefer to perform the limb salvage surgery with wide en bloc resection, followed by reconstruction of the bone and soft tissue, instead of amputation. Case Presentation: We report 4 patients with massive GCT at the distal radius. All complained about pain and a lump in the wrist. The tumors are large in dimension with the size of 12 x 8 x 6 cm, 10 x 10 x 8 cm, 11 x 9 x 9 cm, and 17 x 14 x 8 cm respectively, fungating and compromised surrounding soft tissue. Limb salvage procedures are performed with wide en-bloc resection, bone cement spacer insertion, K-wire fixation, dissection, and tendon reconstructions followed by soft tissue defect closure using distant flap and primary suture. Follow-up post-surgery was variable within 2 to 36 months. All patients had a reduced scale of VAS, increased functional outcome measured with quick DASH score, no major complications, and no sign of recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Large and fungating GCT of distal radius managed by limb salvage surgery and complex reconstruction deliver a good result. Thus, it can give other options other than amputation.

Objective: Medial capsulorrhaphy is an important step in hallux valgus correction surgery; however, studies on this technique are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the viability and efficacy of modified medial capsulorrhaphy using figure‐of‐eight sutures for hallux valgus compared to the conventional technique.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with hallux valgus, comparing a group receiving standard longitudinal capsulorrhaphy (Group 1) and a group that underwent modified capsulorrhaphy using figure‐of‐eight sutures (Group 2). Basic anthropometry, preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA), immediate postoperative HVA, and 6‐month postoperative HVA were recorded. An independent sample t‐test was performed to investigate differences between the groups.Results: Thirty‐four feet were enrolled in the study and divided into Group 1 (19 feet) and Group 2 (15 feet). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, BMI, preoperative HVA, immediate postoperative HVA, and 6‐month postoperative HVA (p = 0.646, 0.752, 0.231, 0.792, and 0.933, respectively). However, we found that the average of HVA changes between immediate postoperative and 6‐month postoperative was dissimilar (1.73 ± 2.37° Group 1 vs. 0.33 ± 1.29° Group 2, p = 0.048)Conclusion: While both techniques were efficacious in decreasing HVA, modified capsulorrhaphy using the figure‐of‐eight technique was better at maintaining corrected HVA until 6‐month postoperative period. This technique is recommended because of its efficacy and simplicity.