Type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) are secondary toxic metabolites produced mainly by mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi and have been recognized as natural contaminants in cereals and cereal-based foods. The latest studies have proven the various negative effects of type B trichothecenes on human health. Due to the widespread occurrence of Fusarium species, contamination by these mycotoxins has become an important aspect for public health and agro-food systems worldwide. Hence, their monitoring and surveillance in various foods have received a significant deal of attention in recent years. In this review, an up-to-date overview of the occurrence profile of major type B trichothecenes and DON-3G in cereal grains and their toxicological implications are outlined. Furthermore, current trends in analytical methodologies for their determination are overviewed. This review also covers the factors affecting the production of these mycotoxins, as well as the management strategies currently employed to mitigate their contamination in foods. Information presented in this review provides good insight into the progress that has been achieved in the last years for monitoring type B trichothecenes and DON-3G, and also would help the researchers in their further investigations on metabolic pathway analysis and toxicological studies of these Fusarium mycotoxins.

Determination of sulfur and deleterious trace elements in crude oil has long been an area of active investigation and still attracting interest due to their undesirable economic consequences and adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, analytical methods devoted to their sensitive, rapid, and accurate determination are of paramount importance in various areas of oil refining and petrochemical industry. In the present review, occurrence and implications of the main metallic constituents in crude oil are summarized. Furthermore, currently available methodological approaches including sample pretreatment procedures along with the most commonly used measurement techniques employed for crude oil analysis are overviewed. A summary of the applications and recent developments over the past years is discussed. The basic principle, pros and cons of each analytical method are highlighted. The overview is based on 172 references.

In this research article, spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in two different crude oil samples from different oil fields in the Suez-Gulf region...