Cadmium stress is a barrier to crop production, yield, quality, and sustainable agriculture. In the current study, we investigated the characteristics of bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. OBA 2.4.1 under cadmium (CdCl₂) stress and its influence on Cd stresses in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. It was revealed that strain OBA 2.4.1 is tolerant of up to 2 mM CdCl₂, and seed treatment with the bacterium enhanced pea plant growth (length of seedlings) under 0.5 mM cadmium stress. This bacterial strain showed plant growth-promoting properties, including biofilm formation and siderophore activity. An important advantage of the studied strain OBA 2.4.1 is its ability to colonize the plant roots. Moreover, the inoculation with strain OBA 2.4.1 significantly reduced oxidative stress markers in pea seedlings under cadmium stress. These findings suggest that cadmium stress-tolerant strain OBA 2.4.1 could enhance pea plant growth by mitigating stress-caused damage, possibly providing a baseline and eco-friendly approach to address heavy metal stress for sustainable agriculture.

Binary biofertilizers consisting of a rhizobial strain specific to the plant Rhizobium leguminosarum and a strain-producer of the RapA1 adhesin protein, which enhances the adhesion of rhizobacteria to the plant roots, have been designed. A system consisting of highly productive bacteria strains and additional strains that enhance the action of the main component have been obtained.

In recent years, there has been an upward trend in the urolithiasis incidence worldwide and an increase in the recurrence of stone formation. Urolithiasis prevalence rates range from 1% to 20%. In some countries, there is an increase in rates up to 37%. Stones are classified into those caused by infections, non infectious causes, and genetic diseases. Alteration in urine microbiome plays a significant role in the infection stone formation. Our objective was to review the current literature on the role of bacteria in the formation of kidney concrements. The gained knowledge could be used to explore new possibilities and improve the understanding of stone formation. We analyzed articles on the composition of the urine microbiome and kidney stones.

The results of study of the effects of the Pseudomonas sp. OBA 2.4.1 PGPB strain resistant to NiCl₂ (up to 3 mM), Pb(CH₃COO)₂ (up to 5 mM), and glyphosate (up to 8 mg/mL) on Pisum sativum L. plants at different concentrations of the heavy metals and the herbicide are reported. It was found that this strain had a positive effect on the root length of pea seedlings in the presence of heavy metals indicating an increase in the plant resistance to nickel and lead stress. However, no such effect was observed in the experiment with glyphosate, which confirmed the high toxicity of this compound. The results obtained demonstrated that the Pseudomonas sp. OBA 2.4.1 strain promoted the growth of Pisum sativum L. under nickel and lead stress; these findings can further be used for the development of complex biopreparations intended both for the protection of agricultural plants from the effects of heavy metals and for remediation of contaminated soils.