In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of stabilized bile acid liposomes, chemical conjugates, complexes, mixed micelles, and other drug delivery systems derived from bile acids, often referred to as bilosomes. The molecular structure and interactions of these amphiphilic compounds provide a distinctive and captivating subject for investigation. The enhanced stability of new generation bilosomes inside the gastrointestinal system results in the prevention of drug degradation and an improvement in mucosal penetration. These characteristics render bilosomes to be a prospective nanocarrier for pharmaceutical administration, prompting researchers to investigate their potential in other domains. This review paper discusses bilosomes that have emerged as a viable modality in the realm of drug delivery and have significant promise for use across several domains. Moreover, this underscores the need for additional investigation and advancement in order to comprehensively comprehend the prospective uses of bilosomes and their effectiveness in the field of pharmaceutical administration. This review study explores the current scholarly attention on bilosomes as prospective carriers for drug delivery. Therapeutic areas where bilosomes have shown outstanding performance in terms of drug delivery are outlined in the graphical

Most diseases and disorders of the brain require long-term therapy and a constant supply of drugs. Implantable drug-delivery systems provide long-term, sustained drug delivery in the brain. The present review discusses different type of implantable systems such as solid implants, in situ forming implants, in situ forming microparticles, depot formulations, polymeric-lipid implants, sucrose acetate isobutyrate and N-stearoyl L-alanine methyl ester systems for continuous drug delivery into brain for various brain diseases including glioblastomas, medulloblastoma, epilepsy, stroke, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases. Implantable neural probes and microelectrode array systems for brain are also discussed in brief.

Berberis aristata is also known as daruharidra which is a famous plant and used in various medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Chinese and Allopathy for a very long time. It is a spinous, hard, yellowish herb belongs to the family Berberidaceae. The plant is distributed in sub- Himalayan regions, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and hilly areas of Nepal. It played a significant role as an herbal remedy for more than 2500 years. It was used by ancient Egyptians to anticipate plague disease. European herbalists used this plant to treat liver and gall bladder disorders during the early middle ages. Russian therapists used B. aristata plant to cure inflammation, high blood pressure and abnormal menstrual cycle. It is used as a bitter tonic, stomachic, cholagogue, antiperiodic and alternative by American Indians to cure intermittent fever, neuralgia and menorrhagia. In the traditional medicinal system, the plant is used to treat skin diseases, menorrhagia, diarrhea, eye problem inflammation and wound healing. Fruit of the plant is a rich source of Vitamin C. The main active constituent of the plant is Berberine found mainly in its roots. The most important formulation of this plant is 'Rashut' that is acts as a tonic as well as blood purifier and also used to treat ulcer and ophthalmic diseases. Reported clinical and experimental studies showed that the plant possesses various pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and cardiotonic activity.

Woodfordia fruticosa kurz is an herbal plant that belongs to the family Lythraceae. This plant is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and Pakistan. The plant possesses a long history of medicinal use. The flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa are recorded to possess potent therapeutic values. The various phytochemicals isolated from this plant are tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, glycosides and polyphenols. The extract of flowers and leaves are associated with useful therapeutic activities. These phytochemical compounds have many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antifertility and anti-tumor. These pharmacological activities of Woodfordia fruticosa plant are also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, yunani and other traditional systems of medicine. This review is intended to provide brief information on the plant Woodfordia fruticosa on the basis of chemical constituents, folk usage, ayurvedic usage, modern usage and its biological activities. Keywords: Woodfordia fruticosa, antimicrobial, Ayurvedic, flavonoids, Octacosanol

In recent years, development of different types of nanocomposites have increased their utilization in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. The nanometer size range and unique composition make nanocomposites a beneficial alternative to any single conventional material. The present chapter provides a general overview of nanocomposites, discusses different types of nanocomposites such as metal, ceramic and polymer nanocomposites. The discussion is further focused on different nanocomposite based controlled and targeted systems developed for delivery of various drugs including anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cardiovascular drugs.

The custom of using plants for the therapeutic and dietary practices is as old as origin of humanity on the earth. One of the most ancient fruit plant is Punica granatum L., pomegranate belongs to Lythraceae family. The plant has a very rich ethnic history of its utilization around the world. The plant was used to symbolize prosperity, life, happiness, fertility etc. Apart from the ethnic beliefs associated with the plant, it is a well-considered plant based remedy used in treatment of many diseases in traditional system like Ayurveda and folk system of medicine. In Ayurveda it is esteemed as a Rasayana. It is used in many Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations which are used against many diseases. The plant consists of numerous phytochemical constituents in it such as polysaccharides, minerals, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, quinones, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids etc. Each of the phytochemical constituent is associated with important therapeutic properties. This supper food is globally known for its high anti-oxidant potential. Other associated properties of this medicinal fruit plant are anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-anemic etc. The aim of present review is to provide information related to phytochemistry, traditional uses in Ayurveda and folk medicinal system and therapeutic properties of Punica granatum L. Keywords: Dadim, Rasapanchak, Punicalagin, Punicic acid, Anti-oxidant.