The widespread use of MLT may pose numerous hazards to animal breeding, health, and resilience due to the presence of MLT residues in animal feedstuffs, pastures, hay, and cereals. Many medicinal plants provide what is called a generalized anti-toxic remedy. The current study examined hazardous biochemical and histological reactions to MLT and the efficiency of ThEO and OEO essential oils as anti-toxic therapies to return to a natural state after MLT exposure. A total of 75 male albino rats were randomly assigned to two groups: (i) C − MLT, comprising 25 rats, served as the control group; and (ii) C + MLT, with 50 rats that were exposed to 5 mg/kg/BW. After exposure to MLT for 21 days, a return to normal status was determined by subdividing the C + MLT group into two equal groups: ThEO and OEO were used as treatments, with 100 mg/kg body weight of thyme and oregano essential oils, respectively, being administered for 21 days. The results showed a significant decrease in body weight gain (BWG) and final weight (FW) compared to C − MLT, while the therapeutic effects of ThEO and OEO enhanced FW and BWG. Our results indicated that MLT exposure resulted in deficient serum liver function, but that OEO and ThEO therapy brought about a significant improvement in liver enzyme function. Although there was no significant difference in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) or alkaline phosphatase (ALK-Ph) and a significant drop in alanine transaminase (ALT) and acetyl choline-esterase (AChE) levels, the C + MLT group showed hepatic fibrosis in the third stage. Furthermore, histological sections of the OEO and ThEO groups showed reduced hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis. However, there was a significant increase in serum creatinine between the C + MLT and C − MLT groups following exposure to MLT. Histological sections of renal tissue from rats treated with OEO and ThEO showed reduced tubular damage, reduced interstitial inflammation, and preserved renal tissue architecture. In conclusion, OEO and ThEO are potential compounds for use as anti-toxic therapies to return to a natural state after MLT exposure. These compounds could serve as an experimental therapeutic approach against natural toxins, providing a solution to the problems of raising livestock that are exposed to nutritional toxicity.

Background and Aim: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has great potential as a growth promoter and immunostimulant in ruminant nutrition. This study assessed the impact of ginger powder supplementation on Ossimi rams’ rumen fermentation, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant levels. Materials and Methods: Fifteen Ossimi rams, aged 10 ± 1.3 months and weighing 30 ± 1.5 kg. Rams were randomly divided into three experimental groups: The control group (G1) received standard feed, while ginger powder (5 g and 7 g/kg body weight [BW] for G2 and G3, respectively) mixed in water was administered to groups G2 and G3 before their standard feed. Results: The control group recorded higher dry matter (DM) intake values (p < 0.05) than the ginger-treated groups. The ginger-treated groups showed superiority (p < 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion compared to the control group. The digestion coefficients of DM, crude protein, and crude fiber were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by a high dose (7 g/Kg BW) of ginger supplementation, whereas organic matter, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract digestibility remained unchanged. Compared to the control group, the rams given 5 g of ginger had significantly less (p < 0.05) total protein and globulin in their serum, but the rams given 7 g of ginger had significantly more (p < 0.05) of these proteins. In the ginger groups, these levels were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those in the control group for serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Rams given ginger had significant growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, total superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px, TAC, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgG enhancement (p < 0.01), and a decrease (p < 0.01) in malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control group. Significant increases in total short-chain volatile fatty acids, acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids (p < 0.05), and significant decreases in NH3N and protozoa (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Ginger powder (5 g and 7 g) can improve growth, immune responses, antioxidant status, and ruminal parameters in rams. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of ginger on different types of animals (cow, buffalo, and goat) to develop new feed additives. Keywords: antioxidant status, biochemical parameters, ginger powder, rams, rumen fermentation.

The present study investigated the toxic action of acrylamide (ACR) and the abrogative effect of aqueous propolis extract on ACR-induced toxicity in male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered the treatment doses orally by gavage. Control, treated with a physiological solution (5.0 ml/rat). ACR-treated group, treated with ACR 25 mg/kg. ACR + propolis, treated with 25 mg/kg ACR + 100 mg/kg propolis. Propolis-treated group, treated with 100 mg/kg. The treatment period was 28 days, the treatment doses were administered orally using a gavage stomach tube. The results showed that the presence of ACR increased (P < 0.001) the level of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (167.2 vs 90.15) and aspartate aminotransferase (120.66 vs 41.52) in the liver tissue serum and lipid peroxidation products (80.11 vs 39.3); also, it decreased (P < 0.001) the total capacity of antioxidants (113.4 vs 189.41) compared to the control group. The histological analysis of the kidney revealed alterations induced by ACR, including atrophy, necrosis, renal glomeruli atrophy, tubular necrosis, enlargement of the glomeruli, hemorrhage, and edema surrounding the blood vessels. Also, the results showed that the rats treated with propolis improved liver and kidney functions because of propolis’s efficiency against the harmful effects of ACR. Moreover, the histological examination of the liver tissue revealed negative changes, with focal necrosis in hepatocytes. Microscopic examination showed tubular necrosis within the seminiferous tubules, sloughing, and desquamation of sperm cells into the lumen. Also, an infiltration of protein substances between the tubules and degenerative vacuolar changes between sperm cells was observed. The renal, hepatic, and testicular tissues appeared almost similar to the control group, except for some minor changes. This study proved that feeding the rats with propolis reduced these pathological effects and restored the tissues to a normal state. It is concluded that using propolis with ACR significantly reduced the biochemical and histological damage caused by ACR, and recommends using propolis as a cytoprotective agent against pathological toxicity of ACR.

Regulating dietary Arginine (Arg) levels in the diet of broilers has been a focus of researchers due to the potential economic benefit to the industry. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens fed diets that were either adequate or deficient in Arg or energy. Through studies, the basal diet generally met standard requirements for broilers, with deficiencies in Arg or energy being experientially induced. The meta-analysis using weighted random-effects models revealed that dietary GAA improved average daily gain (ADG; P < 0.001) by 2.17% and 1.08% during starter and finisher periods, respectively. Concomitantly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.001) also improved by 2.37% and 2.41% in the starter and finisher periods, respectively, with minimal evidence of publication bias for these key traits. However, significant heterogeneity (I² > 90%) indicated strong between-study variances. In broilers fed Arg-deficient diets, GAA supplementation only showed minimal effect to reduce the detrimental effect of an Arg-deficient diet (-4.75 vs. -3.64% ADG reduction), suggesting its limited Arg-sparing function. Under low energy diet, GAA restored ADG to levels equivalent to those of energy-sufficient diets. In the finisher phase, comparable but less pronounced effects were observed, suggesting reduced responsiveness with age. Dose-response evaluation suggested no difference in ADG or FCR between low and high GAA inclusion, suggesting low GAA level is more effective. Meta-regression models identified feed intake and arginine intake as the dominant predictors of ADG, and including GAA consistently improved model accuracy and increased ADG compared to the control diet. The meta-refgression suggested that 0.06% GAA supplementation increased final body weight by approximately 2.11% (60 g) in Ross 308 broilers. Collectively, the results confirm that GAA exerts a robust, dose-limited benefit of growth efficiency in broiler chickens, thereby supporting its incorporation into Arg or energy deficient diets that would have potential economic benefit.

The widespread use of malathion may offer several hazards to humans and animals; additionally, many medicinal plants provide what is known as a broad antitoxicity treatment. This study was carried out to investigate hazardous biochemical and histological reactions to MOP and evaluate the effectiveness of TEO and OEO essential oils in restoring normal physiological conditions after MOP exposure by measuring enzyme-specific activity for Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). One hundred and twenty rats were divided into six groups of twenty animals each: (i) C − MOP served as the control group, (ii) C + MOP treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10, (iii) TEO treated with 100 mg/kg/BW of oregano essential oil, (iv) TEO treated with 100 mg/kg/BW of thyme essential oil, (v) MOP + OEO treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10 and 100 mg/kg/BW of oregano essential oil, and (vi) MOP + TEO treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10 and 100 mg/kg/BW of thyme essential oil. The results indicated the protective effects of OEO and TEO against MOP-induced weight loss. Additionally, there was a significant improvement in ALT, AST, and ALK-Ph after being treated with OEO and TEO, either alone or after MOP exposure. Also, treatment with OEO and TEO ameliorated these oxidative stress parameters, indicating their antioxidative properties. A histopathological examination of liver tissues showed reduced hepatocellular damage and improved liver architecture in the OEO and TEO, both alone and in combination with MOP, and protective effects were more pronounced in the TEO-treated groups. However, the results indicated that TEO was more effective than OEO in increasing CYP1A2 expression and alleviating MOP-induced toxicity. Specifically, TEO showed higher protein expression and therapeutic action in reducing liver damage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that OEO and TEO may be potent therapeutic agents against MOP toxicity, offering protective effects by enhancing CYP1A2 activity and mitigating organ damage. Such knowledge would be an important step toward developing potentially unique treatment options for natural antitoxins.