Silk and silk derivatives have emerged as a possible alternative in surgical device development, offering mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability. Through a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, this study evaluated silk fibroin’s application across pre-clinical and clinical settings, focusing on its role as screws and plates for osteofixation. A comprehensive search yielded 245 studies, with 33 subjected to full-text review and 15 ultimately included for qualitative analysis. The findings underscore silk fibroin’s superior properties, including its tunable degradation rates and ability to be functionalized with therapeutic agents. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing bone healing, offering improved outcomes in osteofixation, particularly for craniofacial defects. Silk fibroin’s remarkable attributes in biodegradation and drug release capabilities underscore its potential to enhance patient care. Ultimately, silk fibroin’s integration into surgical practices promises a revolution in patient outcomes and environmental sustainability. Its versatility, coupled with the continuous progress in fabrication techniques, signals a promising horizon for its widespread acceptance in the medical field, potentially establishing a new benchmark in surgical treatment. Further research is expected to solidify the transition of silk products from basic science to patient care, paving the way for widespread use in various surgical applications.

Gluteal augmentation with autologous fat grafting, colloquially referred to as Brazilian butt lift (BBL), is an increasingly common procedure with a highly reported complication profile. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of complications that accompany these surgeries in ambulatory surgery facilities. Adults patients who experienced fat grafting complications from 2019-2021 were identified in formerly QUAD A, formerly known as the American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF), database. Patients and complications were analyzed based on sociodemographic, surgery and facility-specific variables using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Overall, 436 fat grafting procedures with complications were reported to QUAD A, with an overall complication rate of 0.93%. Of these complications, 153 (37.6%) were confirmed to be from gluteal augmentation procedures. Notably, the number of gluteal augmentation with fat grafting complications decreased from the year 2019 (48) to 2020 (36), then nearly doubled from 2020 to 2021 (69). The majority of patients were female (96.7%) with a mean age of 42.0 years and a mean BMI of 28.3 kg/m². Wound infection was the most commonly documented complication (22.3%). Of the patients who experienced complications, 35.9% presented to a hospital for their complications and 12.6% required reoperation. Four deaths were described. There was no association between sociodemographic or surgical variables and increased odds of readmission or reoperation (p>0.05). Gluteal augmentation accounts for a large proportion of complications from fat grafting procedures. Increased reporting requirements may aid in future determination of incidences of complications and improve patient safety.

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars are abnormal tissue growth that can be disfiguring, for which the available treatment has not yielded consistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the capability of Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy in treating these scars. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until July 2022. We included experimental studies that evaluated ADSCs as a therapy for hypertrophic and keloid scars in both in-vivo and in-vitro models. Results: Our findings extracted from 12 included studies demonstrated that ADSCs have a promising potential in reducing collagen deposition, proliferation, and migration rates of fibroblast, decreasing gene/protein expression of scar-related molecules including levels of TGF-β1 and lowering intracellular signal pathway-related molecules of hypertrophic and keloid scars in both models. However, no significant difference ( P > .05) was found in the hypertrophic scar in-vitro models in terms of DCN gene expression. Conclusion: Ultimately, the current studies included in this systematic review support the use of ADSCs to alleviate hypertrophic and keloid scars.