Bioenergy is one of several renewable energy options derived from biomass that can help satisfy our energy needs. Anaerobic digestion is a viable method for producing bioenergy in the form of biogas from biomass. The anaerobic digestion process is challenged with low biogas recovery, and low-quality effluent or CO₂ emission, which contribute to environmental pollution and the carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Computational process modelling and simulation can provide realistic information for dealing with the technological challenges involved with anaerobic digestion. In this study, modeling and simulation of the simplified anaerobic digestion process were done using SuperPro Designer software fed with biomass feedstock containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as yeast, at 37 °C mesophilic temperature. The anaerobic digestion process yielded 89.655% of CH₄ and 10.345% of CO₂ and confirmed that the carbohydrate feedstock produces more CH₄ composition in the biogas. Mineralization of CO₂ using MgO yielded 0.23% MgCO₃, consuming > 99% of the CO₂ produced during the anaerobic digestion process. Environmental impact assessment of the effluent discharge yielded 0.142 kg Slds/L volatile solid with 6.01% COD reduction per batch of the anaerobic digestion process in an anaerobic digester with 90% (1.925 kg/batch) feedstock dosage. The data indicate that single-batch effluent cannot be discharged into the environment, hence indicating the possible recycling for multiple anaerobic digestion processing. The results are a significant guide for the realistic scalable production of high-quality biogas for bioenergy application, CO₂ mineralization, and environmental remediation.

The concept of integrating mechanical vapor compression (MVC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is presented and analyzed. The hybrid system utilizes the DCMD to harvest the thermal energy of the MVC reject brine to preheat a portion of the seawater intake and simultaneously produce additional fresh water. Based on the operating temperature, the hybrid system requires specific energy consumption between 9.6 to 24.3 kWh/m³, which is equivalent to 25 to 37% less than the standalone MVC. Similarly, the freshwater production of the hybrid system can range between 1.03 and 1.1 kg/h, which is equivalent to a 3% and 10% increase relative to the standalone MVC when operating at brine temperatures of 50 and 90 °C, respectively. However, this enhancement is achieved at the expense of an average of 60% larger total surface area. This is partially due to the incorporation of the surface area of the MD modules and mostly to reduced temperature differences. Altering the permeate-to-feed ratio of the DCMD module led to a marginal change in the overall production without any enhancement in the compression power consumption. Increasing the MD module length by 50% resulted in a 3% enlargement in the overall production rate and a 10% reduction in power consumption. A modified hybrid structure that additionally utilizes the distillate heat is sought. A 5% increase in water production at the expense of a 45% rise in the specific compression energy of the modified structure over the original hybrid system is obtained.

This study provides a thorough examination of the utilization of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) for the extraction of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) from effluent, with an emphasis on a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. The extraction efficacy of six HDES systems was initially evaluated, and the combinations of thymol/camphor (Thy/Cam) and menthol/thymol (Men/Thy) exhibited superior performance. Subsequently, these two HDESs were chosen for a comprehensive parametric analysis. The impact of contact time demonstrated that extraction equilibrium was reached at 15 min for both systems, thereby achieving a balance between high efficiency and time efficiency. Next, the impact of the HDES-to-water mass ratio was investigated. A 1:1 ratio was determined to be the most effective, as it minimized solvent consumption and provided high efficiency. An additional examination of the molar ratios of the HDES components revealed that the 1:1 ratio exhibited the most effective extraction performance. This was due to the fact that imbalances in the solvent mixture resulted in diminished efficiency as a result of disrupted molecular interactions. The extraction efficiency was significantly influenced by the initial concentration of 1,2-DCA, with higher concentrations resulting in superior results as a result of the increased mass transfer driving forces. In general, the Men/Thy and Thy/Cam systems have shown noteworthy stability and efficiency under different conditions, which makes them highly suitable for large-scale applications.