The emergence of nanotechnology has provided many new ideas and innovations in the field of biosensors. Electrospun nanofibers have many excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high porosity, low cost, high efficiency, and they can be combined with a variety of sensors. These remarkable features have a wide range of applications in the field of sensors such as monitoring air pollutants, highly sensitive pressure sensors, and biosensors for monitoring the pulse of the body. This paper summarizes the working principle and influencing factors of electrospinning nanofibers, and illustrates their applications in wearable biosensors.

The heating and impact of arc and droplet acting on the weld pool lead to the transfer of mass, heat, and momentum, which affects the dynamic behavior of the weld pool and the microstructure in the P-GMAW process. In this paper, an image processing program is used to extract the dynamic behavior characteristics of the droplet transition and the weld pool in high-speed photography. The influence of the current waveform on the arc pressure and the impact of the droplet is quantitatively analyzed with different parameters. The dynamic behavior of the weld pool and the microstructure under different current waveform conditions are further studied. The internal relation of current waveform parameters to weld pool behavior and weld microstructure was expounded. The results show that the droplet impact is positively correlated with the pulse peak current. The rectangular wave pulse has a more significant droplet impact than the exponential wave with the same waveform parameters. The impact of droplet transition on the weld pool enhances the convective intensity of the weld pool. It slows down the cooling rate of the solidified weld microstructure below the tail of the weld pool, increasing the grain size of the weld microstructure.

The continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (CSLDV) technique is usually used to evaluate the vibration operational deflection shapes (ODSs) of structures with continuous surfaces. In this paper, an extended CSLDV is demonstrated to measure the non-continuous surface of the bladed disk and to obtain the ODS efficiently. For a bladed disk, the blades are uniformly distributed on a given disk. Although the ODS of each blade can be derived from its response data along the scanning path with CSLDV, the relative vibration direction between different blades cannot be determined from those data. Therefore, it is difficult to reconstruct the complete vibration mode of the whole blade disk. In order to measure the complete ODS of the bladed disk, a method based on ODS frequency response functions (ODS FRFs) has been proposed. While the ODS of each blade is measured by designing the suitable scanning paths in CSLDV, an additional response signal is obtained at a fixed point as the reference signal to identify the relative vibration phase between the blade and the blade of the bladed disk. Finally, a measurement is performed with a simple bladed disk and the results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed extended CSLDV method.

Ceramic wool was prepared by the melt-spinning method, and the diameter was the main factor severely affecting the performance of the final product which was difficult to check online. The current study discusses the approximate simulation of the fiber formation and presents a fast precision measuring method to predict the ceramic wool diameter using an improved Back-Propagation (BP) neural network. Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) was employed to optimize the neural network structure for its presentation of the relationship between the motor frequency of the spinning wheel and the ceramic wool diameter. The superiority of this method was demonstrated by experiment compared with the least square method (LSM). The mean measurement error of PSO-BP was 0.471%, which was lower than that of LSM. The presented PSO-BP method was very valuable for predicting the wool diameter, and the neural networks could solve nonlinear problems successfully, which was certified by the actual prediction of ceramic wool diameter.

Adapting to extremely harsh service environments is an unavoidable challenge for microwave absorption materials. In this paper, C/PyC/SiC composites were prepared by a vacuum impregnation, curing and cracking process with various preparation cycles, and the stress–strain curves were further discussed. The results show that after three cycles, the C/PyC/SiC composite showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties of 83.59 MPa at around 35.00% strain, and it also possessed the best overall electromagnetic microwave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss value of −46.04 dB at 16.06 GHz and 1.90 mm of thickness. All in all, we have introduced an innovative method for fabricating electromagnetic microwave-absorbing materials capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions.

The long-term interfacial reliability of Cu/Al brazed joints is critical for power equipment but is often compromised by severe intermetallic compound (IMC) degradation during thermal aging. This study investigates the evolution mechanism and mechanical stability of Cu/Al joints brazed with 0.5 wt.% Ga-modified Zn-15Al filler metal, aged at 200 °C for up to 1000 h. Microstructural evolution, diffusion kinetics, and mechanical properties were systematically characterized using SEM, EDS, nanoindentation, and shear testing. Results indicate that the unmodified control interface degrades via Zn-diffusion-driven “in situ Cu depletion” of the Cu₉Al₄ layer, leading to severe embrittlement. In contrast, the addition of Ga induces a “sacrificial reconstruction” mechanism, where the outer CuAl₂ layer transforms into a dense lamellar ternary structure via cellular decomposition. This reconstructed layer acts as an effective diffusion barrier and “Zn sink,” trapping infiltrating atoms and preserving the structural integrity of the underlying Cu₉Al₄ phase. Consequently, the Ga-modified joints demonstrate superior shear strength retention and an optimized H/E ratio throughout the aging process, shifting the failure mode from brittle cleavage to a toughened lamellar peeling mechanism. This work elucidates how Ga-modulated phase reconstruction fundamentally enhances interfacial stability, offering a theoretical basis for high-reliability interconnects.