Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites that cause severe economic losses to agricultural crops globally. Due to the regulations of the European Union on the application of nematicides, it is crucial now to discover eco-friendly control strategies for nematode management. Biocontrol is one such safe and reliable method for managing these polyphagous nematodes. Biocontrol agents not only control these parasitic nematodes but also improve plant growth and induce systemic resistance in plants against a variety of biotic stresses. A wide range of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans live in their natural mode as nematode antagonists. Various review articles have discussed the role of biocontrol in nematode management in general, but a specific review on biocontrol of root-knot nematodes is not available in detail. This review, therefore, focuses on the biocontrol of root-knot nematodes by discussing their important known antagonists, modes of action, and interactions.

A pot experiment was carried out to observe the response of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) to acid rain. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of simulated acid rain (pH 5, 4, 3). The symptoms such as injuries and necrotic spots appeared on the leaves. Plant growth, yield and photosynthetic pigments were suppressed greatly in all the treatments. The suppressions were directly proportional to the exposure levels of acid rain on the plants.

In the present study, it was planned to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) and Eucalyptus grandis plants on mortality of Anguina tritici, the most damaging nematode of wheat in the world. Six different dilutions were prepared separately and 100 juveniles of A. tritici were transferred separately in each petridish. After different intervals (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th day) dead nematodes were counted under stereoscopic microscope and mortality percentage was calculated. The different concentrations (S/5, S/10, S/20, S/30, S/40 and S/50) of plant leaf extracts of A. indica and E. grandis were found harmful to juveniles of A. tritici. As the concentration of both the extracts was increased, the killing percentage of juveniles was also increased. Highest mortality (100%) was observed on 6th day with all the concentrations. Juveniles were killed slightly more in neem leaf extract as compared to Eucalyptus leaf extract. However, leaves of both the plants can be utilised against the A. tritici as well as other nematodes.