The objective of the study was to examine a vast dataset of over 11 million English-language tweets concerning climate change gathered over an eleven-year period. The overarching aim was to illuminate the trajectory and geographical variations in sentiment throughout this timeframe. The authors conducted an exhaustive study of tweets adorned with hashtags related to climate change, using the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) as a tool to assign sentiment scores and determine the polarity of tweets. Concurrently, it was traced the geographical dispersion of these tweets and their evolution over the duration of the study. The findings unveiled noticeable shifts in sentiment aligning with major global events. For instance, the United Nations' endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 stimulated a rise in positive sentiment toward climate discourse, while the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021 triggered a significant fall in sentiment scores. The study also detected an ascending trend of positive discourse in the United States and Europe, with Central Africa sustaining the highest average annual sentiment score. On the other hand, the sentiment in New Zealand and India was extraordinarily volatile, exhibiting dramatic changes from one year to the next. In contrast, Australia and New Zealand consistently registered the lowest sentiment averages. Overall, our findings highlight a complex mosaic of sentiment pertaining to climate change discourse across diverse global regions.

Enhancing crop diversity is a key pillar of the EU’s 2023–2027 CAP eco-schemes, yet Poland’s long-standing crop simplification raises doubts about the policy’s effectiveness. This study assesses the determinants of crop structure and crop diversity in Poland and evaluates whether eco-schemes generate measurable improvements at farm and municipal scales. A multilevel approach integrates municipality-level saturation with ecological interventions (eco-schemes, organic farming, and agri-environment–climate measures) with longitudinal data from 192 purposively selected farms across all 16 voivodeships for 2016, 2021, and 2024. Crop diversity is measured using the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), combined with indicators of specialization, farm size, and participation in CAP instruments. Spatial and temporal comparisons reveal that farms engaged in commercial animal production maintain simplified crop structures, which is associated with specialization as a dominant factor in low diversity. Maize share increased steadily from 12.4% to 16.7%, signalling ongoing homogenization, particularly in livestock-intensive regions. Contrary to earlier assumptions, smaller farms did not exhibit higher diversity, suggesting organizational constraints. At the municipal level, greater saturation with eco-schemes and organic farming was associated with higher H′ values, while areas with strong agri-environment–climate presence—often mountainous—showed lower diversity due to biophysical limits. The findings highlight structural barriers that may limit eco-scheme impacts.

Rozwój infrastruktury kolejowej w Polsce na szlakach towarowych między Chinami a Unią Europejską This paper evaluates infrastructural investments in Poland and their impact on

This study analyzes the competitive asymmetries and trade effects of the proposed EU–Mercosur Trade Agreement on the European Union’s (EU) and Polish agri-food sectors. The comparative analysis reveals that Mercosur holds a significant structural advantage driven by substantially lower labor costs, cheaper agricultural land, and a climate permitting multiple harvests. This cost advantage is further compounded by weaker regulatory standards (e.g., on pesticides and antibiotics). This structural edge is most pronounced in high-volume commodities, leading to Mercosur trade surpluses in products such as soybeans, sugar cane, and wheat, which pose the primary competitive threats to the EU market. Conversely, the EU maintains an intensive advantage through superior yields in intensive farming (e.g., maize) and specialization in high-value, processed products. This creates quantifiable export opportunities for EU/Polish producers in sectors where Mercosur is a consistent net importer, notably other frozen vegetables, preserved tomatoes, and apples. The findings confirm an asymmetric effect of liberalization, which necessitates a dual strategy of internal structural reform (e.g., the EU Protein Strategy) and the implementation of external protective mechanisms, including strategic Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) adaptations and safeguard clauses, to maintain the long-term competitiveness and Supply Chain Resilience of European agriculture.

W kierunku miast o obiegu zamkniętym – badanie podejścia gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w kontekście stałych odpadów komunalnych The objective of this research

Marek Zieliński was not included as an author in the original publication