The work deals with the study of the Energy Planning stage according to the ISO 50001:2018 Standard at the Hotel Punta la Cueva in Cienfuegos, Cuba. The current energy management indicators for hotels are well-studied. However, the study aims to incorporate the variable Degree-Days in the Room Days Occupied (RDO) to establish a correct Baseline and Energy Performance Indicator. The methodology followed is based on the energy management standards of energy review stage. The fundamental results were in obtaining the Energy Baseline with a Coefficient of Determination ($R^2$) of 0.97. One of the opportunities for improvement consisted of the replacement of 80 bulbs 15 W with 9 W LED bulbs. It has an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 28%, a Present Value Net Income (NPV) of 71.5 USD, and an Investment Recovery Period (PRI) of 3.6 years. The second opportunity is a preliminary project for a Photovoltaic Solar System on the roofs of the buildings, where it is possible to install 1011 photovoltaic and achieve a generation of 384 kilowatt-peak (kW_p).

Multi-criteria methods are highly attractive tools to address the inherent complexity of evaluating problems in various scientific areas. The combination of methods such as Delphi/AHP is emerging as a robust alternative to evaluate the sustainability of renewable energy sources. In this theoretical-descriptive research, the use of the Delphi method is proposed to select criteria and sub-criteria to obtain a high level of reliability, while the AHP method is used to establish an order of preference among the alternatives analyzed. This process requires the support of a committee of experts, whose role is to identify the various biomass alternatives that can be used in the sugar industry, considering aspects related to sustainability. The selected experts have identified energy, exergy, and emergetic indicators, in which economic, environmental, and social aspects are integrated. The multi-criteria analysis shows that the V1 variant was the most satisfactory in terms of biomass sustainability, representing 45% and 53% of the overall priorities in the evaluated case studies. In addition, the sensitivity analysis under an equal-weighted scenario for both study cases evidenced that variant V1 acquired the highest score (38.17%) among all alternatives. Variant V4 achieved the second highest score (31.79%), while alternative V2 achieved only 29.04%, respectively. The integration of Delphi/AHP methods emerges as a novel tool to assess sustainability in different industries of the energy sector.

En el presente estudio se aplicaron algunas de las herramientas de la economía ecológica para evaluar la sostenibilidad de las principales biomasas en la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba. Para ello se seleccionaron como principales biomasas el bagazo de caña; cachaza, como residuo del proceso de clarificación del jugo de caña; los llamados “Residuos Agrícolas de Cosecha” (RAC), cascarilla de arroz y residuos forestales. Se determinaron las cantidades disponibles a través del levantamiento en cada unidad productora para, con ello, estimar la energía total y la reducción de CO2 arrojada a la atmósfera para cada fuente de biomasas. Finalmente, se aplicó el método de jerarquía analítica (AHP en inglés) como técnica de decisión de multicriterios para evaluar la sostenibilidad de las alternativas de biomasas presentadas. Además, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad debido a la subjetividad que presenta esta técnica de decisión.