Logic gates are devices that can perform Boolean logic operations and are the basic components of integrated circuits for information processing and storage. In recent years, molecular logic gates are gradually replacing traditional silicon-based electronic computers with their significant advantages and are used in research in water quality monitoring, heavy metal ion detection, disease diagnosis and treatment, food safety detection, and biological sensors. Logic gates at the molecular level have broad development prospects and huge development potential. In this review, the development and application of logic gates in various fields are used as the entry point to discuss the research progress of logic gates and logic circuits. At the same time, the application of logic gates in quite a few emerging fields is briefly summarized and predicted.

Targeted cancer therapy has become one of the most important medical methods because of the spreading and metastatic nature of cancer. Based on the introduction of AS1411 and its four-chain structure, this paper reviews the research progress in cancer detection and drug delivery systems by modifying AS1411 aptamers based on graphene, mesoporous silica, silver and gold. The application of AS1411 in cancer treatment and drug delivery and the use of AS1411 as a targeting agent for the detection of cancer markers such as nucleoli were summarized from three aspects of active targeting, passive targeting and targeted nucleic acid apharmers. Although AS1411 has been withdrawn from clinical trials, the research surrounding its structural optimization is still very popular. Further progress has been made in the modification of nanoparticles loaded with TCM extracts by AS1411. Graphical Abstract