The COVID-19 pandemic has caused social restrictions to prevent transmission, which creates limitations on interactions with other people, including family and friends. Smartphones are a tool that can help people to connect with family, friends, and others to conduct some activities to support daily life. By using a smartphone, people can connect and interact with other people without the need to meet in person. Smartphones among the younger generation have certainly become very important objects which they use almost all the time. Of course, this is a different situation and condition for older people. When the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, all human activities changed massively, including social activities. It would be interesting to study this situation in elderly people. This study aims to explore smartphone usage time and related social life in the elderly population when the COVID- 19 pandemic occurred in Indonesia. Individual interviews were conducted on a targeted group of respondents aged 60–75 years using purposeful sampling, followed by a semi-structured interview using an interview guide. The collected data will be analyzed using thematic analysis of the three roles smartphones have in the lives of elderly people: (1) enriching individual meaningful activities, (2) participation in activities, and (3) energy conservation for individuals. The elderly use smartphones to connect with their families during the COVID 19 pandemic so they do not feel lonely, and to access health services, but some elderly have difficulty adapting to using smartphones to carry out activities during the pandemic. The use of smartphones by the elderly is very helpful during the pandemic to stay connected with family and obtain health assistance. However, sudden changes make it difficult for the elderly to adapt to the use of smartphones; therefore, it is necessary to have a brief and easy-to-understand guide for the elderly to be able to adapt to using smartphones.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the face and content validity of an instrument that had developed to assess the validation of the Indonesian version of the Saringan Skala Sikap Selamat© (SaringSikap) assessment form perceived by Indonesian people. The SaringSikap is also known as Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale © (ASDS). The content validity of the instrument was assessed by I-CVI/UA, yielding scores of .97 and .93, respectively. Findings indicated that this instrument had an excellent face and content validity and could thus be used to validate the Indonesian version of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS). Keywords: Attitude assessment; translation & validation; road safety eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2708

Some children have a complex developmental disorder that can also be called autism. Developmental disorders in autism can include language and speech (communication) disorders, behavioral disorders, namely children tend to live in their own world or tend to ignore the surrounding environment and social interaction disorders, namely the unwillingness to interact with other people. Signs and symptoms of a child with autism can be seen before the child is 3 years old. Another problem for children with autism is the difficulty in carrying out activities independently. Treatment as early as possible can reduce the severity of autism. Autism can be detected early when children have not reached the age of 3 years. Therefore, it is very important for the community, especially families, to pay attention to the growth and development of their children before the age of 3. However, there are still many people who do not know about autism and the signs and symptoms of autism. So that there are still many people who make the word autism a joke that is not quite right and can hurt parents who have children with autism. This study is to provide technology to self-measuring for nutrition’s status and early detection of autism to Intergrated Service Post (Posyandu) volunteer in Ciseeng District, Bogor Regency. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of Posyandu volunteer about the signs of autism and to be able to carry out early detection using technology and to take appropriate actions by asking for the help of health professionals. In addition, it can attract residents who have children with autism from low-income family so that stakeholders can immediately assist them.

Recent investigations have brought Virtual Reality Training (VRT) to the forefront as a promising computer-based therapy for stroke patients, showing positive effects on arm function, balance, and walking recovery (Laver et al., 2017; Saposnik et al., 2016). Nevertheless, the challenges faced by stroke patients in accessing outpatient therapy after leaving inpatient rehabilitation, primarily due to transportation, distance, and lengthy waiting lists, have not gone unnoticed. In response, home-based VRT has emerged as a convenient and accessible alternative. This parallel randomized feasibility trial aims to accomplish two primary objectives: (1) evaluating the practicality of implementing VRT for stroke patients at home, and (2) assessing the feasibility of using various quantitative and qualitative outcome measures to gauge stroke recovery (Palmer et al., 2019). By exploring the potential of home-based VRT, this trial seeks to illuminate its effectiveness as a rehabilitation strategy, ultimately enhancing the overall recovery process for stroke patients. The study will comprehensively assess multiple aspects, including compliance, safety, enjoyment, perceived efficacy, and program cost, to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of home-based VRT for stroke patients nearing discharge from rehabilitation. Evaluations for balance, gait, and community integration will be conducted, with effect sizes analyzed to gauge the impact of the intervention. A total of forty participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group, engaging in VRT for rehabilitative exercises, or the control group, utilizing selected iPad apps. Both groups will undergo 30-minute exercise sessions, five days a week, for a period of six weeks. The intensity of VRT will be remotely monitored, with regular telephone contact maintained with all participants. Building on the findings of this trial, a definitive randomized controlled trial will be conducted to gain deeper insights into the use of VRT as a rehabilitative tool for post-stroke patients. This comprehensive and rigorous trial aims to establish the efficacy of home-based VRT in enhancing physical and cognitive functions for stroke patients. The results will provide robust evidence for the integration of VRT into stroke rehabilitation programs, potentially setting new standards of care for post-stroke patients. Moreover, the research could yield invaluable insights into the advantages and limitations of home-based VRT, paving the way for the development of more effective and accessible home-based rehabilitation programs. Ultimately, the study’s findings will serve as evidence to support the development of a conclusive randomized controlled trial, thoroughly examining the effectiveness of home-based Virtual Reality Training (VRT) in stroke rehabilitation.

Older adults are more affected by physical frailty, chronic illness, and weak networks. This literature review discusses recent (2020–2025) research on disaster management for older adults and the functions of occupational therapy (OT) in the preparedness, response, recovery, and policy integration phases. OT aids in the restoration of disaster survivors’ functional independence, psychosocial resilience, and ability to reenter their communities. Unfortunately, the lack of inclusion in emergency response plans and ineffectual interprofessional education remain systemic barriers. This review calls for OT to be fully embedded in equitable and sustainable resilience aimed at older adults. Age-discriminatory disaster systems remain a reality.

Changes in the social environment in this digital era will cause different stimulation patterns for language development and social interaction skills in children. This study’s goal is to look into how to improve language ability in the digital age. Data were collected through observation, interviews, reviewing medical history, and conducting a specific assessment of occupational therapy, and then analyzed to identify performance and limitations related to the issues. This study found that the digital environment could bring a good impact if children are given assistance by adults when exposed to various audio-visual technologies.