This literature review examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in improving social skills in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological developmental disorder characterized by barriers to social interaction, communication, and limited or stereotyped interests. Virtual Reality (VR) Intervention based on occupational therapy has become the focus of research in efforts to improve social skills in individuals with ASD. The purpose of this review is to assess the current state of research and provide an overview of the findings regarding the effectiveness of VR interventions in enhancing social skills in individuals with ASD. From the search results through various databases, 315 articles were found which were then filtered based on inclusion-exclusion criteria to obtain 5 articles. 5 articles without duplication were then carried out Critical Appraisal and the final result after selection was 5 articles. The review reveals that VR interventions show promise in improving social skills, including social interaction abilities, emotion understanding, and communication skills, in individuals with ASD. The findings suggest that VR has the potential to be an effective tool for enhancing social skills in individuals with ASD. However, further research is needed to validate and deepen our understanding of the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of VR interventions in this population.

Psychosocial and mental health issues at the workplace contribute to significant effects on someone's life. The employer needs to assess the potential risk and take all necessary actions to control the risk. This study strictly followed the data collection and analysis process according to the recent guidelines published by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia, Psychosocial Risk Assessment and Management at the Workplace (PRisMA) 2024. The alarming result of job control and work demand requires specific intervention by the employer. Addressing this issue properly may increase workers' productivity and quality of life.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused social restrictions to prevent transmission, which creates limitations on interactions with other people, including family and friends. Smartphones are a tool that can help people to connect with family, friends, and others to conduct some activities to support daily life. By using a smartphone, people can connect and interact with other people without the need to meet in person. Smartphones among the younger generation have certainly become very important objects which they use almost all the time. Of course, this is a different situation and condition for older people. When the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, all human activities changed massively, including social activities. It would be interesting to study this situation in elderly people. This study aims to explore smartphone usage time and related social life in the elderly population when the COVID- 19 pandemic occurred in Indonesia. Individual interviews were conducted on a targeted group of respondents aged 60–75 years using purposeful sampling, followed by a semi-structured interview using an interview guide. The collected data will be analyzed using thematic analysis of the three roles smartphones have in the lives of elderly people: (1) enriching individual meaningful activities, (2) participation in activities, and (3) energy conservation for individuals. The elderly use smartphones to connect with their families during the COVID 19 pandemic so they do not feel lonely, and to access health services, but some elderly have difficulty adapting to using smartphones to carry out activities during the pandemic. The use of smartphones by the elderly is very helpful during the pandemic to stay connected with family and obtain health assistance. However, sudden changes make it difficult for the elderly to adapt to the use of smartphones; therefore, it is necessary to have a brief and easy-to-understand guide for the elderly to be able to adapt to using smartphones.

The Snoezelen room is known as a multisensory room. Snoezelen's environment could improve the behavior and quality of life with mental retardation and mental illness. This paper explores the elements of the snoezelen environment that aid the autistic space. The environment promotes a sense of enjoyment and relief from tension and pressure, consequent improvement in general behavior. The finding for this literature review summarizes the narrative studies, highlighting the key elements that support creating this environment. The snoezelen environment may provide direct and indirect stimulation that offers a sensory approach.

Malaysia anticipates its elderly population will reach 15% by 2030, posing a significant challenge. Despite the worldwide and national emphasis on health and well-being, a gap exists in structured activities for elderly. The WeCare Program addresses this by offering an occupation-based, culturally tailored approach aimed at improving the engagement and well-being of older Malaysians. Conducted by occupational therapists across six districts in Kelantan, this program involved 30 elderly participants and was evaluated over six weeks. The results indicate that the program was highly accepted (M=4.94; SD=0.22), appropriate (M=4.85; SD= 0.20), and feasible (M=4.88; SD=0.33) for implementation among the target population.

Malaysia faces a pressing issue as its older population is projected to reach 16% by 2030. While global and national initiatives focus on health and independence, there exists a gap in structured activities for older persons. Our study introduces MyHOeME, a 5-week program designed by an occupational therapist, which addresses the physical, cognitive, and social facets of ageing through personalized activities. This quasi-experimental study involved 78 older persons in the community. The results indicate a significantly enhanced health-related quality of life after attending MyHOeME, emerging as a promising solution for the well-being of Malaysia's ageing population.