The baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) have been widely used for the recombinant production of proteins in insect cells and with high insert capacity. However, baculovirus does not replicate in mammalian cells; thus, the BacMam system, a heterogenous expression system that can infect certain mammalian cells, was developed. Since then, the BacMam system has enabled transgene expression via mammalian-specific promoters in human cells, and later, the MultiBacMam system enabled multi-protein expression in mammalian cells. In this review, we will cover the continual development of the BEVS in combination with CRPISPR-Cas technologies to drive genome-editing in mammalian cells. Additionally, we highlight the use of CRISPR-Cas in glycoengineering to potentially produce a new class of glycoprotein medicines in insect cells. Moreover, we anticipate CRISPR-Cas9 to play a crucial role in the development of protein expression systems, gene therapy, and advancing genome engineering applications in the future.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of B12 vitamin and folate deficiency on depression levels in breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: A total of 99 breast cancer patients were included in the study, and sociodemographic data, treatment information, and lifestyle factors were recorded. Depression levels were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory, and B12 and folate levels were measured through laboratory tests. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results: Patients who smoked and used alcohol had significantly higher depression scores (p=0.009 and p=0.028, respectively). Additionally, patients with low B12 vitamin levels had significantly higher depression scores (p=0.036). Similarly, patients with folate deficiency also had higher depression scores (p=0.015). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that B12 and folate deficiency can increase depression levels in breast cancer patients. Correcting B12 and folate levels in the management of depression may help improve the quality of life and positively influence the treatment process. Regular monitoring of B12 and folate levels and providing necessary treatment and support are essential in clinical practice.