Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) and to provide a scientific reference for the rational application of antibiotics. Patients and Methods: The results of bacterial identification and drug sensitivity analysis of midstream urine samples in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 26.0 (IBM) software. Results: In all, 1786 pathogens were isolated from 13,141 midstream urine culture samples. Of these, 1093 (61.2%) were gram-negative bacteria, mainly Escherichia coli [29.1%] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [14.3%]; 543 (30.4%) were gram-positive bacteria, mainly Enterococcus faecium [16.7%] and Enterococcus faecalis [8.4%]; and 150 (8.4%) were fungal isolates, with the most common being Candida albicans (3.7%). The resistance rates of E. coli to piperacillin/tazobactam (3.4% vs 10.0%, p< 0.05), ampicillin/sulbactam (43.0% vs 53.8%, p< 0.05), and ciprofloxacin (58.0% vs 72.9%, p< 0.05) increased significantly. K. pneumoniae was highly sensitive to ertapenem (100%). Two Enterococcus spp were highly sensitive to tigecycline (100%), and a small number of norvancomycin-resistant strains were found. The drug resistance rate of E. faecium to quinupristin was 6.7%. The drug resistance rates of E. faecalis to furantoin and ampicillin were 4.0% and 4.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The pathogens that cause UTIs in patients are diverse, with the most common being E. coli. The isolated pathogens exhibited different resistance patterns. Antibiotics should be rationally selected based on the resistance patterns of the pathogens.

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and kidney stone formation may vary across different age groups and follow nonlinear patterns.Methods: This study analyzed data from NHANES 2009–2018, including 14,880 participants aged ≥20 years, to evaluate the association between BMI and the risk of kidney stones. BMI was categorized as normal weight (<25.0 kg/m²), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²), and obesity (≥30.0 kg/m²). Weighted logistic regression models were employed to adjust for multiple confounders, including sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking history, alcohol consumption, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and physical activity. Interaction effects between BMI and key variables such as sex, race/ethnicity and other factors were also analyzed. Age-stratified analyses were performed for the groups aged 20–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥ 60 years. A restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the non-linear relationship between BMI and the risk of kidney stones.Results: After adjusting for confounders, participants with a BMI ≥30 kg/m² had a significantly higher risk of kidney stones compared to those with a BMI <25 kg/m² (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.48–2.34; p < 0.001), with the association being most pronounced in the 40–59-year age group (aOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.36–3.02; p < 0.001). The interaction analysis did not reveal significant interactions between BMI and sex or other factors. Non-linear analysis indicated that the relationship between BMI and kidney stone risk differed across age groups. In the 40–59-year group, the risk of kidney stones peaked and then plateaued as BMI increased beyond a certain threshold. In the ≥60-year age group, risk initially increased with BMI but then slightly declined. This non-linear relationship suggests that the impact of BMI on kidney stone risk varies by age and should be considered in clinical strategies.Conclusion: High BMI is significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between BMI and kidney stones is non-linear, highlighting the need to develop age-specific BMI management strategies to reduce the occurrence of kidney stones.

Bladder cancer (BCa) stands out as a highly prevalent malignant tumor affecting the urinary system. The Sex determining region Y-box protein family is recognized for its crucial role in BCa progression. However, the effect of Sex determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) on BCa progression has not been fully elucidated. Herein, RNA-sequencing, western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and tissue microarray were utilized to assess SOX7 expression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, SOX7 expression, prognosis, and SOX7 + cytoglobin (CYGB) score were analyzed using R software. In vitro and vivo experiments were performed with BCa cell lines to validate the effect of SOX7 knockdown and overexpression on the malignant progression of BCa. The results showed that SOX7 exhibits low expression in BCa. It functions in diverse capacities, inhibiting the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of BCa. In addition, the experimental database demonstrated that SOX7 binds to the promoter of DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), leading to the transcriptional inhibition of DNMT3B. This subsequently results in a reduced methylation of CYGB promoter, ultimately inhibiting the tumor progression of BCa. SOX7 + CYGB scores were significantly linked to patient prognosis. In conclusion, SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of BCa via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis. Additionally, the SOX7 + CYGB score is capable of predicting the prognostic outcomes of BCa patients. Therefore, SOX7 and CYGB may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer, and they can be used as prognostic markers of bladder cancer patients.

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) measures are widely used by patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their safety and efficacy have also been questioned. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of CAM use by patients with CKD and to analyze the CAM-related information. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in Shanghai. In brief, 491 patients with CKD were studied in three hospitals from June to August 2022. Patients were selected using convenience sampling. The questionnaire was comprised of standard demographic questions as well as questions related to the use of CAM measures. Results: Most CKD patients (80.58%) reported using CAM therapy, and the most common measures were medicinal herbs (87%) and acupuncture (31%). In general, CAM measures were used to treat co-morbidities (46.89%) and CKD (36.01%). Furthermore, 47.15% of patients reported using CAM therapy for 6 months, and 77.98% of patients did not disclose the use of CAM therapy to their physicians because they were not asked about it (69.77%). Approximately two-thirds of patients reported CAM to have benefits, and side effects were mentioned by 21.5% of patients. CAM therapy did not cause financial burdens for 70% of patients, and they would recommend CAM to relatives and friends. Conclusion: CAM is widely used by patients with CKD, and medicinal herbs are the most common measure. Patients initiated CAM therapy after receiving information from relatives and friends. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the use of CAM measures to control and prevent adverse effects when combined with conventional medicines and treatments.