In this study, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles (OB-ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Ocimum basilicum (OB) plant waste extract, and the removal of paracetamol (PCM) from pharmaceutical wastes with toxic effects on the ecosystem was investigated. The characteristic structure of synthesized OB-ZnO NPs was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zetasizer, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the obtained OB-ZnO NPs on PCM removal was determined by batch adsorption tests. In the study in which 6 different kinetic and isotherm models were examined, error analysis functions were used to determine the most suitable model. Accordingly, the crystal structure of biosynthesized OB-ZnO NPs has a particle size of 30.39 nm, a surface area of 13.826 m²/g, and a pore volume of 0.0475 cm³/g. Since OB-ZnO NPs have a zeta potential of − 22.1 mV and a mass loss of 33% at about 750 °C, these NPs show that they are durable at high temperatures. When the PCM removal mechanisms with OB-ZnO NPs were examined, it was determined that the most suitable kinetic and isotherm model was the Elovich model with an R² value of 0.989 and the Redlich-Peterson model with an R² value of 0.999. In the study, which reached 23 mgPCM/gOB-ZnO NP removal efficiency, it was revealed that OB-ZnO NPs obtained from waste plants have the potential to be used in the removal of pharmaceutical wastes. Graphical abstract

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONp) were synthesized from Ocimum basilicum L. (ObL-ZnONp) plant wastes by green synthesis method to remove methylene blue (MB) dye, which has toxic effects on the environment. In batch adsorption studies, the effects of pH (3–11), ObL-ZnONp amount (0.0312–1.25 g/L), time (0–30 min), initial MB concentration (2–64 mg/L) and temperature (25–45 °C) were tested to determine the adsorption mechanism. The obtained results were tested with Pseudo first order (PFO), Pseudo second order (PSO), Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and evaluated in Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Also 6 different error functions were used to interpret the results. Additionally, the morphological properties of the synthesized ObL-ZnONp were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In addition, desorption tests were also performed. According to the obtained results, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models were determined as PSO (R²: 0.999) and Freundlich (0.991), respectively. In addition, while more than 90% removal efficiency was achieved in 4 min, the maximum adsorption amount was determined as 21.41 mgMB/gObL-ZnONp. This study determined that Np synthesized at low cost was quite effective in MB removal. Graphical abstract

Yaşam dinamiklerinin farklılaşmasından doğan göçler nedeniyle kent nüfusları beklenenin üzerinde gerçekleşmektedir. Kentsel alanların bu göçleri karşılayabilecek altyapıya sahip olması sürdürülebilirlik açısından elzem olmakla birlikte son yıllarda küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak yaşanılan iklim değişikliği ve bunun çevresel tahribatları, özellikle kentsel alanlarda daha yoğun bir şekilde hissedilmektedir. Bu nedenle kentlerde aşırı nüfus yoğunluğunun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek sürdürülebilir yönetim anlayışlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu noktada hem çevreci hem de sürdürülebilir özelliklere sahip olan, ekonomik değerler ile çevresel değerler arasında bir denge kurarak kent yönetimini hedefleyen yeşil altyapı anlayışı son dönemlerde kent tasarımlarında ve halihazır kentlerin doğayla olan tezatlığının engellenmesinde yerini almıştır. Bu olgu çerçevesinde liman kenti olan İskenderun ilçesi özelinde nitel gözlemlere dayalı gerçekleştirilen çalışmada yeşil altyapı bileşenlerinden kurakçıl peyzaj, sürdürülebilir tarım, yağmursuyu yönetimi, atıksu yönetimi ve yeşil liman kavramları incelenmiş, kentin mevcut ve olası genişleme durumlarının sürdürülebilir kent yönetimi anlayışı ile gerçekleştirilmesine ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.

This study was conducted to investigate potential use of environment-friendly treatment technologies in treatment of vegetable oil industry wastewaters containing various pollutants at high concentrations and compounds resistant to biodegradation. Within the scope of the study, coagulation-flocculation processes were experimented. Various configurations were tried to achieve optimum removal efficiencies. In coagulation-flocculation experiments with Al2(SO4)3.18H2O coagulant, the highest COD (92%) and Oil-Grease (89%) removal efficiencies were achieved at 800 mg Al+3/L coagulant dose. In experiments with FeCl3.6H2O coagulant, the highest COD (88%) and Oil-Grease (89%) removal efficiencies were achieved at 600 mg Fe+3/L coagulant dose.