The possibility of extraction of metals from ores of different genesis, containing low-dimensional structures of rare and noble metals, increases their commodity value and, in a deficit for some types of metals, leads to the need to search and develop new nature-like technologies, which can be used to extract from ores of different genesis almost all valuable noble, rare earth and nonferrous metals regardless of their concentration. This article presents the results of studying the processes of comminution and flotation to extract low-dimensional structures of noble and rare metals from carbonaceous ores using low-temperature and energy impacts at successive stages of the ores’ transformation. With the use of modern mineralogical, physical and chemical methods of research of composition, structure and properties of ores, the initial samples, concentrates and tailings after enrichment were studied. During the study, it was established that the difficulty of extraction of strategic metals from carbonaceous hard-enriched ores consists in fine dissemination of valuable components in concentrator minerals, mutual penetration of ore mineralization into each other and into rock-forming minerals, and in proximity of physical, chemical and technological properties of minerals, which complicates selective extraction of valuable components in concentrates. Also, difficulties in enrichment are associated with high flotation activity of waste rock, which significantly reduces the quality of concentrates.

Переработка сульфидных золотосодержащих руд является комплексной задачей ввиду снижения качества рудного сырья, значительного количества в руде флотоактивных породообразующих минеральных фаз, тонкой дисперсной вкрапленности золота в минералы-концентраторы и тонкой вкрапленности самих минералов в пустую породу, что делает актуальным вопрос совершенствования существующих технологий. Объектом исследования в работе выбраны упорные тонкодисперсные сульфидные золотосодержащие руды, характеризующиеся также высоким содержанием породообразующих минералов, таких как кальцит и кварц. Анализ протекания процесса флотации позволил установить необходимость использования комбинации депрессоров ввиду высокого извлечения в концентрат породообразующих минералов, как силикатов, так и карбонатов, по причине их высокой флотационной активности. Исследование по подбору депрессора позволило установить, что использование жидкого стекла и КМК низкозамещенного приводит к снижению содержания и извлечения кальция и кремния в концентрат. На основании анализа полученных данных обосновано применение комбинации депрессоров для снижения извлечения породообразующих минералов в концентрат с обоснованными расходами жидкого стекла и КМК низкозамещенного 60 г/т и 55 г/т...

This article presents the results of research aimed at optimizing the process of recovery of valuable components from ash and slag waste from thermal power plants. In this work, both experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to substantiate the use of magnetic separation methods for ash and slag waste processing. Ash and slag wastes were chosen as an object of research due to the presence of valuable components such as iron, aluminum, etc., in them. The research results showed that the method of magnetic separation, including high-gradient magnetic separation, can be effectively used in ash and slag waste processing. As a result, the topology of a magnetic beneficiation technological scheme has been proposed to obtain high-value-added products such as high-magnetic iron minerals, low-magnetic iron minerals, and aluminosilicate microspheres. By using magnetic separation in a weak magnetic field, magnetic microspheres containing high-magnetic iron minerals associated with intermetallics, ranging in size from 20 to 80 µm, were recovered. In the second stage of magnetic separation (high-gradient magnetic separation), an iron ore product with an iron content of 50% with a recovery of 92.07% could be obtained. By using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the main part of microspheres, which contain low-magnetic iron minerals and aluminosilicates, with sizes from 2 to 15 microns, was recovered in the magnetic fraction. This paper proposes a new approach to the enrichment of ash and slag materials using magnetic separation, which will increase the efficiency of their processing and make the process environmentally sustainable.

“Invisible” noble metals in carbonaceous rocks and beneficiation products: feasibility of detection and coarsening

The increased consumption of strategic metals has led to the necessity to search for new and non-traditional sources of mineral raw materials. All this has resulted in the necessity to develop and justify new technological solutions for the integrated recovery of strategic metals and the associated production of high-purity carbon materials. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the possibility of obtaining high-purity shungite carbon materials and metal-bearing concentrate containing valuable metals from shungite rocks using high-gradient magnetic separation and flotation with the use of an apolar collector emulsion in a frother solution. The conducted investigations using a complex of analysis methods allowed us to justify the obtaining of a metal-bearing concentrate containing iron, titanium, copper and zirconium and carbon material of high purity. By using high-gradient magnetic separation, we obtained a metal-bearing concentrate with a yield of 17.35% and a total metal content of 63.61% broken down as follows: Fe₂O₃ recovery of 87.66%, TiO₂ recovery of 56.03%, CuO recovery of 72.52% and ZrO₂ recovery of 54.42%. By using flotation, we obtained a shungite carbon concentrate with a yield of 31.41%, made of 88.15% carbon with a content and recovery of 88.09% and a sulphur content of 0.084%. The conducted studies showed the possibility of using classical beneficiation operations in the processing of non-traditional mineral raw materials to obtain commercial products.