Background and objective: The role of healthcare professionals in society is unique since they are providers of health information and medication counseling to patients. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate Knowledge of Risk Factors and Warning Signs of Stroke among undergraduate health care Students (UHCS) at King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methodology: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among UHCS at KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from September to November 2022, using self-administered 34-item questionnaires divided into five sections to assess participants' knowledge of stroke risk factors, warning signs, and management and source of information about the stroke. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 was used to analyze the data (SPSS).Results: Of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 205 students completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 68.3%. Of whom 63 (30.7%) were pharmacy, 81 (39.5%) were nursing and 61 (29.8%) were emergency medical services (EMS) Students. One hundred and eighty-two (88.8%) of the students agreed that stroke affects bodily movement. With regards to risk factors, students identified high blood pressure 182 (88.8%), followed by heart disease 175 (85.4%), advanced age 164 (80%), previous Stroke history 158(77.1%), and lack of physical activity 156 (76.1%). Difficulty in speaking or slurred speech 164 (80%), dizziness, and loss of balance 163 (79.5%) were identified as the warning signs of stroke. In this study, 41.3 % of the pharmacy students reported a good level of knowledge than nursing and EMS students. However, 32.2% (N = 66) of the healthcare undergraduates reported good knowledge. The knowledge score was significantly associated with the year of study, and educational degree (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there were no differences between parents working in healthcare settings (p = 0.99).Conclusion: In conclusion, the knowledge of stroke among healthcare students at King Saud University varied. The reported knowledge gap mostly relates to stroke risk factors and warning signs. Therefore, increasing public awareness of potential risk factors and stroke warning signs needs to receive more attention.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is any prolonged movement produced by muscular tissues that cause the muscles to exert force. Despite its beneficial effect, it is frequently neglected by individuals. The present study aimed to determine the PA among young adults living in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi adults living in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia from June to August 2022 through a self-administered online survey. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the PA among participants. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS v. 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Among the surveyed adult males were the predominant 67.8% (n= 240). Most of them were young, aged between 24 to 34 years 62.4% (n=221), and 37.6% (n=133) of them were between 35 and 44 years old. The current findings reported that 63% (n=223) of the adults had PA on weekly basis. Walking 45.2% (n=160) followed by bodybuilding 12.7% (n=45) was the most common type of PA identified among adults. The barriers identified for not practicing PA were lack of time 46.9% (n=166). With regard to a sedentary lifestyle, it was reported that 9.55 (SD= 4.887) hours per day are spent sedentary or in a constant sitting. The adults gender (p=0.046) employment (p=0.0001) and educational status (p=0.0001) was significantly associated with the type of PA engaged. Although being a female were shown more sitting behavior than males (p< 0.047), similarly the nationality of the adults (6.67; SD=1.649) (p < 0.001), education (p=0.028) and monthly household income (p =0.024) were significantly associated with the overall mean sitting behavior. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed that Saudi adults yet posing highly sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, despite knowing the harmful outcomes of inactivity. Thus educating individuals about the importance of PA is warranted.

Background: Cancer is becoming more common, regardless of gender or type. Cancer was determined to be the leading cause of death, with lung cancer (LC) patients having the highest rate of cancer-related deaths. The purpose of this study was to analyze undergraduates' knowledge and awareness of LC early warning signs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: This study aimed to assess the health literacy (HL) and health practices (HP) among nursing undergraduates at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Material/Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in 2023 to assess how nursing students perceive HL and HP. HL is the ability of individuals to acquire, interpret, assess, and act on information to promote and maintain good health, while HP involves the application of knowledge and skills. HL was assessed using a total of 16 items, subdivided into 4 domains (understanding, evaluating, accessing, and utilizing health information) while HP was assessed using 11 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: In this study, 53.9% of the students were found to have poor HP, while 40.9% (n=166) reported moderate HP, and 5.2% (n=21) reported good HP. With regards to HL, 38.9% (n=158) of students were found to have good HL while 52.2% (n=212) reported moderate HL, and 8.9% (n=36) reported poor HL. The findings indicated that there was a relationship between age and HP, indicating that age is a major predictor of HP (P=0.001). Other comparisons, including year of study, income source, marital status, and the prevalence of chronic conditions, were discovered to have a significant relationship (P=0.001) with HP levels. Conclusions: According to these findings, most students reported poor HP, while one-third claimed good HL. Therefore, there is a need to address the factors related to poor HP while also recommending methods to support good HP among students.

Nurse practitioners’ roles need to be clearly defined in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential factors that impact nurses’ perspectives toward nurse practitioners’ roles and whether they are interested in becoming nurse practitioners. A mixed-methods study design was employed using a questionnaire and focus groups. The survey was sent to nurses working at a public hospital in the Riyadh region. Participants (N = 77) reported that having more nurse practitioners would improve quality of care and patient safety. Additionally, most participants stated that an increased supply of nurse practitioners would have a positive impact on effectiveness, equity of care, and healthcare costs. In regression analysis, participants with favorable perspectives towards nurse practitioners were significantly more likely to have interest in becoming nurse practitioners (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]:1.04 [1.01–1.07]). In the qualitative domain, three positive factors were identified: effective collaboration with other staff, better contribution to quality care and patient safety, and better contribution to evidence-based practice. Two barriers were also determined: lack of motivation to become a nurse practitioner and unclear scope of practice. Results showed that nurse practitioners can provide quality healthcare services that meet patients’ different needs. The growing role of this speciality warrants further research to show its value in daily practice.

Background and Aim: On the other hand, patient safety, is of the utmost importance, in addition to health care providers’ counseling and advice, patient information leaflets (PILs) also have a significant impact on health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge of medicine safety and Frequency of reading medication Leaflets and their predictors among the Saudi population in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months in 2023 using online structured self-administered questionnaires, on the adults of Saudi Arabia, admitted to provide informed consent, aged ≥ 18 years, able to complete the questionnaires, being Saudi nationals, and currently living in the country. The data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. Results: In this study, 23.6% (n=123) of respondents always read the PILs, while 14.6% (n=76) of them never read the PILs. In addition, 22.6% (n=118) of them find it difficult to understand the PILs. In this study, 53.9% of them revealed that ADRs are unexpected reactions after taking the normal dose and 15.4% of them do not know what ADRs are. The respondents gender (B= 0.164; SE=0.075; 95CI = 0.017– 0.310; p = 0.029), Social status (B = 0.251; SE = 0.079; 95CI = 0.096– 0.406; p = 0.002) and monthly income (B= 0.136; SE = 0.021; 95CI = 0.095– 0.178; p < 0.001) was the predictor of reading PILs. Conclusion: In this study, two-thirds of participants took medication and knew why they were taking it. However, only a few of them took the medicine after seeing a doctor, suggesting self-medication practice. In addition, 22.1% of them find it difficult to understand the PILS, and a small number of them would rather read it. Highlighting the significance of seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals before using a medication.