A bidirectional DC–DC converter is required for an energy storage system. High efficiency and a high step-up and step-down conversion ratio are the development trends. In this research, a series of bidirectional high-gain Cuk circuits was derived by combining tapped inductors and bidirectional Cuk. After analyzing and comparing the characteristics of each circuit, a bidirectional high-gain Cuk circuit with a tapped-inductor (reverse coupling) was proposed. The proposed converter has a simple structure and a high voltage gain in both the step-down (Buck) and step-up (Boost) operation modes. The voltage stress of S₂ was low. The voltage stress of S₁ was high, however, and this is a disadvantage of the proposed converter. The proposed circuit’s characteristics were thoroughly examined, including the voltage gain characteristics and the design of the main parameters. We established a power loss model of the new topology, and the tapped-inductor turn ratio was optimized for high efficiency. Finally, a 400 W experimental implementation of the converter was shown to achieve efficiencies of 93.5% and 92.4% in the step-up and step-down modes, respectively. These findings verified the validity of the proposed circuit’s theoretical analysis.

The mechanical and hydrodynamic characteristics of single-piece nets are key to the design and optimization of offshore aquaculture net cages. A numerical approach for offshore submerged aquaculture net materials based on the Morison equations and finite element is proposed, simulating the hydrodynamic characteristics of single-piece nets under varying parameters such as wire diameter, mesh size, and flow velocity, and simulating the impact of marine organism attachment on nets by modifying the drag coefficient. The simulation results of nets made from materials such as Copper–Zinc Alloy (Cu-Zn), Zinc–Aluminum Alloy (Zn-Al), Semi-Rigid Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) are compared, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing design parameters and selecting materials for nets based on force conditions and hydrodynamic characteristics. The simulation results indicate that the current force on the net is positively correlated with flow velocity; the maximum displacement of the net is also positively correlated with the flow rate. Compared to other materials, the Cu-Zn net is subjected to the greatest water flow force, while the UHMWPE net experiences the greatest displacement; the larger the diameter of the netting twine, the greater the current force on the net; the mesh size is inversely related to the current force on the net. With increasing drag coefficient, both the maximum displacement of the net and the current force experiences increase, and UHMWPE material nets are more sensitive to increases in the drag coefficient, which indicates a greater impact from the attachment of marine organisms. The density and elastic modulus of the netting material affect the rate of increase in force on the net. The research results can provide a basis for further research on material selection and design of deep-sea aquaculture nets.

The deep-sea aquaculture industry will become one of the important pillars of the future marine economy. However, the application of clean energy in the new scenario needs to be strengthened for platform operation. For this kind of renewable-energy distributed-generation system, an energy storage system is essential. A bidirectional DC–DC converter is essential for distributed power generation systems. It connects a variety of renewable energy sources with energy storage cells. A high-gain bidirectional Cuk circuit with zero ripple is proposed in the paper. It is characterized by a simple structure, zero ripple, low voltage stress of semiconductor power devices, and high voltage gain. A passivity-based control with linear active disturbance rejection is proposed to solve the problems of the large steady-state error. The zero steady-state error, strong robustness, and whole-range stability have been obtained for the proposed control strategy. Finally, a simulation was carried out. A 100 W, 48 V/400 V prototype was built to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis for the proposed circuit. The improved passivity-based control strategy was verified to solve the contradiction between rapidity and overshoot. It can be realized to improve the dynamic performance of the proposed converter and achieve robust control.

As a crucial pathway for cultivating adolescents’ humanistic literacy, innovative spirit, and aesthetic sensibility, aesthetic education occupies a central position in nurturing high-quality talent suited to Chinese modernization. To address the challenge of insufficient personalized support in the practice of aesthetic education, this study proposes a data-driven, personalized, and aesthetic-education growth system for students. The system first cleanses, separates, and repairs multi-source temporal behavioral data collected from classrooms, families, and other contexts, constructing standardized individual growth trajectories. Subsequently, a dual layer Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model incorporating a social attention mechanism is developed to learn and predict the developmental trends of students’ aesthetic literacy. Based on the predicted trajectories, the system provides teachers, parents, and social-resource providers with precise, personalized intervention suggestions and resource matching, thereby advancing aesthetic education practices from an experience-driven paradigm toward one powered by data intelligence.