The present investigation was carried out in coastal Sundarbans of India to study the effects of farm yard manure, green leaf manure, and vermicompost on biological attributes of soils and yield in rice–tomato, rice–sunflower, and rice–chili cropping system over conventional farmer’s practices (control) by a strip-plot technique for the two consecutive years. The partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers through organics significantly increased the yield of various cropping systems. The use of organic materials significantly improved microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activities, dehydrogenase, and β-glucosidase activity over control, which varied in the tune of 51.6%, 67.4%, 50%, and 62.7%, respectively, due to variation in electrical conductivity (EC) of these soils. The improved soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities act as key driving factor for organic matter decomposition and nutrient transformation in organically amended soils which lead to better yield under such cropping sequences.

Pesticides are essential in modern agriculture but often leave harmful residues on food, raising considerable health and environmental concerns. Cold plasma technology, initially developed for applications in the polymer and electronics industries, has emerged as an innovative non-thermal method with promising implications for enhancing food safety. Cold plasma, a quasi-neutral ionized gas, is generated under low-pressure conditions, creating a range of reactive species capable of degrading pesticide residues. Recent advancements now allow cold plasma to be produced at atmospheric pressure, expanding its potential applications and spurring extensive research into its efficacy. This technology offers a pesticide-free approach that not only prioritizes human health but also supports eco-friendly practices in line with sustainable agriculture principles. Cold plasma stands to significantly impact food safety by fostering healthier ecosystems and promoting a more balanced relationship between agriculture and nature. This review examines the effectiveness of cold plasma technology as a transformative tool for achieving pesticide-free food safety, detailing its mechanisms, efficacy, and future potential in reducing pesticide residues in agricultural products.

Improving the storage life of food products is a major problem for manufacturers, and the food sector needs an "ecofriendly" alternative to present technology. As a disinfectant, ozone has been utilized in waste-water purification systems since the beginning of the century. Recently, ozone has been utilized to handle a wide variety of agricultural products because of its qualities, including fast disintegration and low residual consequences during food preservation. Ozone is an interesting substitute preservative that the food industry demands and a suitable decontaminator for guaranteeing the microbiological hygiene and safety of food products. Ozone treatment has been demonstrated to be a potential strategy for lowering pollutants in dairy effluents. This review comprehensively highlights ozonation as a preservative in dairy, fruits and vegetables, poultry, cereals, and fresh produce in depth for save and effective use of ozone, whereas other published articles only discuss one of these categories. Overall, ozone has proven to be a viable technique, despite its high food-preservation efficacy, and market certification requires extensive information on the applicability of ozone-based technologies and their potential benefits

Folate, an essential nutrient crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division, and fetal neural tubedevelopment, remains a global health concern due to deficiencies in certain populations. Toaddress this issue, we investigated the synergistic interaction between Spirulina, a nutrient-rich microalga, and two strains of folic acid-producing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis-1 and Bacillus subtilis-2, to enhance folate production. Spirulinahas high nutritional content, combined with the folate production capabilities of the selected bacteria, offered a promising opportunity for sustainable folate synthesis. In this study, Spirulinaand the two strains of Bacillus subtilis were cultured separately to optimize growth conditions for each organism. Co-culture experiments were then conducted, combining Spirulina with Bacillus subtilis-1 and also Bacillus subtilis-2, to investigate their collective potential for folate production. The specific growth rates of both Spirulinaand the bacteria were measured individually and in combination using spectrophotometric methods, and their dry weights were determined to assess biomass productivity. Folate quantification in the microalgal-bacterial cultures was performed using a spectrophotometric analysis based on the phosphate buffer extraction method. This method facilitated the measurement of folate content investigated the impact of the symbiotic relationship between Spirulina and bacteria, particularly in terms of enhancing vitamin B12 acquisition and its impact on folate synthesis. Our results revealed a synergistic enhancement in folate production at the exponential growth phase of Bacillus subtilis-1 and Bacillus subtilis-2 co-culture. The synergistic relationship between Spirulina and Bacillus subtilis-1, as well as Bacillus subtilis-2, is manifested in elevated folate synthesis, highlighting the significant impact of microbial cooperation on nutrient production. Additionally, we observed fluctuations in folate production at the stationary phase, highlighting the subtle equilibrium achieved through symbiotic interactions. These findings shed light on the potential of harnessing the synergistic potential of microorganisms for sustainable folate synthesis. This research advances co-culturing methods to optimize folate production, tackling global folate deficiency challenges and fostering innovative, sustainable nutritional solutions.

Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds found in fruits which show a significant effect on biomarkers of inflammation and decrease redox stress. The current narrative review consists of anthocyanins and their different subcomponents like cyanidin, delphinidin consumption in association with inflammation, oxidative stress and anticancer activities. This study was conducted to comprehensively explore their molecular and functional aspects, with a focus on their mechanisms related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The data was analysed based on the PRISMA framework, and the search was carried out on Google Scholar, and Pubmed, with primary focus on studies employing human cell culture model and human clinical trials. The data was examined, and the main outcomes identified as anti-inflammatory activities via reduction of IL-1 and IL- 6, C-reactive protein, increase in gene expression, and anti-cancer activities, increase in HDL cholesterol, and increase in Interleukin-10 mRNA concentration. Consumption of anthocyanin extracts showed positive results; a dose-dependent relation was witnessed higher doses are more effective in short duration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3360.].