: To determine the fluconazole and Amphotericin B susceptibility pattern among isolates by disk diffusion, Vitek-2 method, and micro-broth dilution methods (MBD).Fungal infections are now becoming more prevalent than bacterial in causing opportunistic and nosocomial infections. are among the most common invasive fungi that are seen in most patients with predisposing co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Therefore; identification of the species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for proper patient management as various species respond differently to antifungals and for the prevention of emergence of drug resistance. isolated from different specimens were included in the study, speciation of the isolates was achieved by Vitek 2 automated machine and also with corn meal agar inoculation (CMA). The comparison of antifungal susceptibility testing was done by three different methods which included Vitek 2 systems, disk diffusion, and Micro-broth dilution methods. The antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole and Amphotericin B. A total of 50 isolates were randomly selected and speciated. Species-wise distribution showed s to be the most common one accounting for 34 (69%) followed by 12(24%) and 4 (12%) of them were . The overall resistance among these isolates was as follows: by micro –broth dilution fluconazole resistance to was 6% and to Amphotericin B was 8%. By disc diffusion, fluconazole resistance was 10%, Amphotericin B was 14%. With the Vitek 2 system, fluconazole and Amphotericin B showed resistance of 10% and 6% respectively. Speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing of solates are of great significance regardless of the specimen isolated from, which helps in the management and knowing the epidemiology of the susceptibility pattern of the . For this to become a reality a reliable, easy, and sensitive method of antifungal susceptibility needs to be used in every Microbiology laboratory as a routine practice.

The association of tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a recognized re-emerging challenge in management of the convergence of the two epidemics. Though much of the literature has studied this association, there is less knowledge in the field of genetic diversities that might occur in strains infecting tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes. Our study focused on determining the extent of diversity of genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both these categories of patients. We subjected 55 M. tuberculosis isolates from patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus to whole-genome sequencing on Illumina Hi Seq platform. The most common lineage identified was lineage 1, the Indo-Oceanic lineage (n = 22%), followed by lineage 4, the Euro-American lineage (n = 18, 33%); lineage 3, the East-African Indian lineage (n = 13, 24%); and lineage 2, the East-Asian lineage (n = 1, 2%). There were no significant differences in the distribution of lineages in both diabetics and non-diabetics in the South Indian population, and further studies involving computational analysis and comparative transcriptomics are needed to provide deeper insights.

Carbapenemase detection amongst Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pnuemoniae - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2025.008, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis

Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode typified by a complex replication cycle exhibiting autoinfection, parthenogenesis and a long tenacity of survival in the human host. This infection remains endemic in the humid tropical countries of the world. There exists no gold standard test for the diagnosis of this parasitic infection. However, Inability to clinch the diagnosis can prove fatal among immunosuppressed individuals. We report one such rare case of strongyloidiasis presenting as thrombocytopenic acute gastroenteritis in a patient with chronic kidney disease.

Gram-negative bacterial infections that are resistant to carbapenems are a serious clinical problem. The only effective drugs against them are still tigecycline and colistin. In fact, polymyxin E, also known as colistin, has been regarded as a "last resort" antibiotic. But in recent years, colistin resistance has increased globally, significantly reducing treatment options and highlighting the significance of accurate colistin testing methods to support appropriate therapeutic decision-making. There is no requirement to cite reference in the So it is suggested to rephrase the sentence. The primary goal of the study is to compare the effectiveness of E-test and Vitek 2 for colistin sensitivity testing to the conventional microbroth dilution method using 120 clinical isolates of and that are resistant to carbapenem over the course of a year, isolated from January to December 2019. In comparison to Vitek-2, the results indicated that brothmicro dilution and E-test produced the narrowest range of colistin MICs. After comparing the E-test's errors and overall agreement with BMD, 100% of the Essential Agreement, 94.27% of the Categorical Agreement, and 5.72% of the Very Major Errors with no Major Errors were found. Comparing Vitek-2 with BMD, similar results were found: 1.66% MEs, 98.32% CAs, 80.99% EAs, and no VMEs. As a result, it was determined that, in contrast to Vitek-2, MBD and E-test had distinct MICs, making them appropriate for determining colistin MIC. It will take more research on automated systems to standardize colistin susceptibility testing procedures, particularly for and .