Structure, electrochemical, magnetic and resonance properties of new layered antimonate Li₄FeSbO₆ were comprehensively studied using powder X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, electron spin resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In the crystal structure the iron ions form the triangular network within (LiFeSbO₆)³⁻ layers alternating with nonmagnetic lithium layers. The electrochemical activity studied implies an Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺ redox couple at 4.3 V (ox.) and 3.9 V (red.) thereby revealing that Li can be reversibly extracted. The long-range antiferromagnetic order was found to occur at the Néel temperature, T_N ≈ 3.6 K, confirmed both by the magnetic susceptibility data and specific heat ones. The effective magnetic moment is estimated to be 5.93 μ_B/f.u. and satisfactorily agrees with theoretical estimations assuming high-spin configuration of Fe³⁺ (S = 5/2). In the magnetically ordered state, though, the magnetization demonstrates rather peculiar behavior. An additional anomaly on the M(T) curves appears at T₂ < T_N in moderate magnetic field. The positions of transitions at T_N and T₂ separate increasingly with increasing external field. Multiple measurements consistently demonstrated field-sensitive moving of magnetic phase boundaries constituting a unique phase diagram for the compound under study. The complex low-dimensional (2D) nature of magnetic coupling was confirmed by the dynamic magnetic properties study. Electron spin resonance from Fe³⁺ ions in paramagnetic phase is characterized by a temperature independent effective g-factor of 1.99 ± 0.01. However, the distortion and broadening of the ESR line were found to take place upon approaching the magnetically ordered state from above. The divergence of the temperature-dependent linewidth is analyzed in terms of both critical behavior close to long-range magnetic order and the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT)-type transition. Heat capacity measurements even at zero field manifested an appearance of the additional anomaly at temperatures below the Néel temperature. The temperature dependence of ESR intensity, linewidth and shift of the resonant field imply an extended region of short-range order correlations in the compound studied. The rich variety of the anomalies in magnetic and resonance properties makes this new antimonate a very interesting system to investigate the multiple phase transitions and competing exchange interaction due to the critical role of the layered structure organization accompanied by the frustration effects in triangular antiferromagnets.

Multi-temperature synchrotron powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis have revealed an enantiotropic order–disorder phase transition in Rb₈Sn₄₄□₂ and Cs₈Sn₄₄□₂ at 353 and 363 K, respectively. The low-temperature phases crystallize with a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of the conventional type-I clathrate. At higher temperatures both compounds show a phase transition with less ordering of the framework vacancies (□). Rb₈Sn₄₄ has a Debye temperature of 152(1) K whereas the Rb atoms in the large cages have Einstein temperatures of 81(1) and 54(1) K for the displacement perpendicular and parallel to the host-structure hexagons. Thermoelectric properties of Rb₈Sn₄₄ have been measured from 2 to 400 K. The Seebeck coefficient decreases rapidly above the transition temperature. This is explained by changes in the band structure following the phase transition. The ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectra for both compounds have also been investigated and their analysis suggests that the transformation occurs without altering the local environment of the tin atoms, but with a variation of the vacancy concentration in the domains of the crystal.