In current scenario the aircraft industry in need of a lightweight connecting material that persuade the technical and technological standards, but also need superior mechanical qualities. In this work the major objective is to enhance the strength behaviour of stir cast composites. Aluminum 8011 (Al 8011) titanium carbide (TiC) and zirconium boron (ZrB2) hybrid composites are stir cast in this work, and their microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties are investigated. The matrix material was Al 8011, which was supplemented with stronger TiC to boost mechanical strength and softer ZrB2 to improve thermal and corrosion resistance without significantly changing electrical properties. According to the findings, the reinforced alloy’s mechanical qualities outperform those of the unreinforced alloy. Acoustic energy generated during deformation of composite materials has been monitored and early fracture measurements has been achieved using the Acoustic emission (AE) approach in tensile test specimens. As a result of the experiment, Al8011 + 10% TiC + 2% ZrB2 composites outperform the Al8011 matrix alloy in terms of wear resistance, coefficient of friction, and surface smoothness, as well as other characteristics. The AFM representation of Al8011 + 10% TiC + 2% ZrB2 matrix reveals that the wear surface smoothness of the AMMC is significantly improved as compared to the Al8011 matrix alloys.

The exceptional mechanical qualities of super martensitic stainless steel have led to its widespread use in structural components subjected to cyclic loadings. The Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process, an essential technology for modern industrial fabrication, offers potential improvements in weld quality through precise parameter adjustments. This study investigates the effects of varying TIG welding parameters, specifically welding speed (S), welding current (I), voltage (V), and gas flow rate (GFR). Parameters were explored within the ranges of 50–150 mm/min for welding speed, 10–20 volts for voltage, 90–160 amperes for welding current, and 8–20 l/min for gas flow rate. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we identified optimized values of 120 mm/min for welding speed, 15 volts, 140 amperes, and 15 l/min for gas flow rate, which significantly enhance the strength and quality of welds. Mechanical testing such as tensile and hardness tests along with bead profiles and microstructural characterization were conducted to validate the strength and integrity of the welds under these optimized conditions. The findings suggest that, compared to baseline settings, optimizing both energy use and welding quality not only conserves resources but also improves the durability and performance of welded joints. SEM analysis of AISI 410 S SMSS weldment reveals grain boundaries, 42% ferrite in elongated bands, 44% delta ferrite phase of martensite, and scattered globular Cr ₂ C ₃ , indicating a complex microstructure with mixed phases.

The role of nanoparticles in advancing both research and practical applications is crucial at the present. This study focuses on the enhancement of engine performance and emission characteristics by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into biodiesel (BD) produced from cashew nut shell oil. The presence of nanoparticles facilitates smoother ignition and earlier combustion, resulting in reduced cylinder heat and high pressure during peak load conditions. BD blends with various proportions and a fixed 75 mg of nanoparticles were tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine with varying speeds. The emission characteristics of the blends were compared with those of conventional diesel. The mixture showed the best performance with an approximate brake thermal efficiency increase in 18%, a brake-specific fuel consumption decrease in about 21%, and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions reduction owing to an approximate 32% and 28%, when compared to that of diesel. The introduction of BD blends like BD10 A in the presence of TiO2 additives can offer a cleaner-burning, renewable and more efficient source than diesel. The Whale Optimization Algorithm is also presented to reduce output responses, including fuel blend and load, at the same time through the analysis of the parameters in order to carry out optimal engine performance. The proposed algorithm would be contextually pointed out at its performance as compared with the Grasshopper, Dragonfly, Antlion, and Jaya algorithms.

The present research focuses on enhancing the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of MWCNT/Al as a potential solution to the critical heat dissipation issue in contemporary electronic systems, thereby providing an effective and sustainable platform for new electronic devices and applications. MWCNT/Al composites at different ratios were made using compression moulding and tested in terms of their thermal, mechanical, and tribological characteristics. The results indicate that the addition of MWCNTs significantly enhances hardness by as much as 30% and tensile strength by around 25%. Tribological experiments indicated that the 0.1% MWCNTs and 0.1% graphite composite wore 77% less than the 0.2% composite at higher sliding rates. Also, when the load was increased, the 0.2% MWCNTs mixed with 0.1% graphite showed a 40% decrease in wear. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the addition of MWCNTs to the Al-based composites did not result in significant changes in their electrochemical characteristics, indicating that their corrosion resistance remained unchanged, even with mechanical reinforcement, and was comparable to that of pure aluminium. The research emphasises the possible use of MWCNTs as strengthening agents in Al matrices, offering a perspective on developing high-performance nanocomposites that can enhance thermal management in modern electronic devices.

The effect of laser shock peening (LSP) on as-cast and three-dimensional (3D)-printed SS316L alloys was studied. The LSP process was found more dominant than the 3D-printing technique over as-cast alloy steel for enhancing the properties. The process of laser shock peening results in microlevel changes in the structure of the material. This, in turn, leads to grain refinement and the increase of compressive residual stresses. After LSP treatment, the surface microhardness value increased by 33% in both as-cast and 3D-printed SS316L alloys with the hardness gradient from surface to subsurfaces. The wear rate of as-cast specimens and 3D-printed specimens were reduced to 1.28 10 ⁻⁶ and 1.14 10 ⁻⁶ g/m, respectively, and tensile value increased up to 22% after LSP treatment. The scanning electron microscopy images on the wear track confirm the vulnerability of the untreated SS316L alloys with adhesion wear and surface delamination. This difference was because the wear rate of the 3D-printed specimens was lesser than the as-cast SS316L alloys due to their layer-by-layer high-temperature finishing. The samples were characterized by optical microstructure to identify the surface refinement, and confirmed by the transmission electron microscope images along with specified area electron diffraction pattern for the accumulation of dislocation and grain refinement after LSP treatment. The accumulated residual stress was measured by X-ray diffraction technique and it found the highest compressive residual stress after LSP treatment was accrued by 3D-printed SS316L alloy with 310 MPa.