Variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene (16q12.2) are associated with obesity in some populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between FTO gene polymorphism and adiposity&related markers in Turkish adults was aimed. The present study included 200 participants aged 18–65 years, who were genotyped for variants of the FTO gene (rs9939609). Anthropometric measurements were performed. Body compositions were analyzed with Tanita BC 545 N Inner ScanTM. Infrared analyzer (VISCANTM) was also used to determinate the degree of abdominal fat. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and lipid accumulation products (LAP) index which are used in body fat estimation were calculated. Body fat amounts were classified using gender-based cut-offs. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to determine the risk of having a high body fat amount associated with the risk allele. The frequency of the rs9939609 AA genotype was 19.0%, which was 42.5% for the AT genotype and 38.5% for the TT genotype (wild type). AA genotype was found to be higher in females than in males (26.0 and 12.0%, respectively). The total body fat amount of the individuals with AA genotype was high (28.5 ± 9.25%) compared to AT (27.0 ± 10.31%) and TT (23.7 ± 10.62%) genotype (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in abdominal fat amounts (%) (AA:38.6%, AT:36.2%, TT:33.7%), internal fat levels and waist/hip ratios (p > 0.05). Significance of association between FTO genotypes and total body fat (%) was retained after adjustment for BMI and gender as well. BMI, LAP, and BAI index values were not different between different genotypes in all individuals and different genders (p > 0.05). Our study supports that the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with fat accumulation in the whole body without being associated with abdominal fat accumulation in Turkish adults.

Context: Previous reviews have focused on the effects of probiotics on colitis, but there is a need to understand their impact on barrier integrity and tight junction protein improvement in colitis. Objective: This study aimed to systematically examine the effects of probiotic use on barrier integrity in colitis disease. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data Sources: A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases identified 2537 articles. Data Extraction: As a result of the search, 2537 articles were accessed. Study results were summarized descriptively through discussions by intervention conditions, study population, measurement methods, and key findings. The included studies were independently reviewed and all authors reached consensus on the quality and major findings from the included articles. Forty-six studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed within the scope of the systematic review. Results: Although the study primarily utilized probiotics from the Lactobacillaceae family (notably, L casei, L reuteri, L rhamnosus, L plantarum, and L pentosus) and the Bifidobacteriaceae family (notably, B breve, B animalis, and B dentium), other probiotics also demonstrated positive effects on tight junction proteins. These effects are attributed to the production of bioactive and metabolic compounds, as well as short-chain fatty acids, which combat pathogens and reduce anti-inflammatory agents. However, it was observed that the effects of these probiotics on tight junction proteins varied depending on the strain and dose. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of probiotics on remission in inflammatory bowel disease are well documented. Studies show that probiotics generally improve intestinal barrier function, but factors such as dose, duration, and bacterial species combinations need further clarification. Additionally, comprehensive studies are needed to understand how improved barrier function affects absorption in individuals. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023452774.

Purpose of Review: Protecting the planet is protecting the future. Food production systems are among the most important human activities threatening planetary health. Diet, food systems, the environment, and health are interconnected. Accordingly, this review aims to assess the effects of nutrition on the planet and the relationship between some types of diets defined as sustainable and the planet and human health. Recent Findings: Many diets have been proposed to protect the planet and human health, but there is no consensus on which diet is best. It should not be forgotten that planetary health diets, plant-based diets, and vegetarian/vegan diets can reduce environmental pressure. Still, they cannot have the same effect in every country, and these diets may have different effects depending on the differences in the countries' income level, nutritional culture, and food systems. Moreover, it should not be overlooked that these diets may cause difficulties in terms of adaptation, cause deficiencies in some nutrients, and may not be suitable for all segments of society. Sustainable diets such as the Mediterranean and New Nordic, as well as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, are more flexible and acceptable. Summary: Instead of a globally recommended reference diet to protect the planet and human health, each country can analyze its food systems and choose the most appropriate food production methods and sustainable diet style to reduce environmental burden, improve health, and create policies accordingly, which can help achieve sustainable goals faster.

Premenstrüel sendrom (PMS), üreme çağındaki kadınlar arasında en sık görülen rahatsızlıklardan biri olup yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. PMS, menstrual siklusun luteal fazında meydana gelir ve menstruasyon başlangıcından birkaç gün sonra kendiliğinden azalır. PMS'nin karakteristik semptomları arasında fiziksel semptomlar, psikolojik ve davranışsal semptomlar bulunur. Yaygın fiziksel semptomlar arasında göğüslerde hassasiyet, baş ağrıları, kas-iskelet ağrısı, karında şişlik, ekstremitelerde şişme ve ağırlık artışı yer alır. Yaygın psikolojik ve davranışsal semptomlar arasında depresyon, iştahta değişiklikler, yorgunluk veya uyuşukluk, ruh hali değişimleri, sinirlilik, uyku bozuklukları, gerginlik, sosyal izolasyon ve zayıf konsantrasyon bulunur. Genellikle semptomlar hafiftir, ancak kadınların %5-8'i premenstrual disforik bozukluk (PMDD) olarak adlandırılan şiddetli PMS yaşar. Diğer sendromların çoğunda olduğu gibi, PMS de çeşitli genetik ve yaşam tarzı davranışları arasındaki etkileşimin bir sonucudur ve diyet faktörleri bunlar arasında en etkilisi olarak bilinmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları ile birlikte gonadal steroid hormonu ve merkezi sinir sistemi nörotransmitterlerinin etkileşimi PMS gelişimine katkıda bulunuyor gibi görünmektedir. PMS için özellikle farmasötik tedavilerin sınırlı etkinliği ve yan etkiler nedeniyle, diyet gibi önleyici ve değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca dünya çapında PMS'den etkilenen üreme çağındaki kadınların toplu prevalansı %47,8 olarak bildirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla üreme çağındaki kadınların yaklaşık yarısının bu semptomları yaşadığı düşünüldüğünde PMS, dikkat çekilmesi gereken önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.