Stunting bayi dan balita merupakan permasalahan gizi kronis yang membutuhkan penanganan komprehensif dan melibatkan berbagai sektor. Pada tahun 2018 ditetapkan penanganan stunting merupakan prioritas pembangunan nasional melalui Rencana Aksi Nasional Gizi dan Ketahanan Pangan. Kabupaten Sumedang termasuk 160 kabupaten/kota prioritas penanganan stunting. Upaya penanganan stunting dengan mengoptimalkan kondisi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (HPK) dapat dilaksanakan di Posyandu. Posyandu sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan memiliki peran strategis, namun karena kader posyandu memiliki latar belakang pendidikan serta sosial budaya yang beragam pengetahuan dan keterampilannya perlu terus menerus mendapatkan pembaruan. Pada kasus stunting, berbagai penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader terkait stunting dan upaya pencegahannya sebagian besar belum baik, karena itu upaya peningkatan kapasitas kader posyandu penting dilakukan. Pada bulan Juli 2018 dilakukan pelatihan peningkatan kapasitas kader posyandu mendeteksi dan mencegah stunting di Desa Cipacing Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Pelatihan ini merupakan rangkaian pengabdian masyarakat yang terintegrasi Kuliah Kerja Nyata Mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran yang dilaksanakan pada periode April - Juli 2018. Kegiatan pelatihan pada 42 orang kader posyandu dari 18 RW tersebut dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap yaitu sosialisasi program, persiapan dan pelaksanaan pelatihan, menggunakan pendekatan model deduktif, materi pelatihan disusun berdasar data pengamatan lapangan yang kemudian didiskusikan dengan narasumber ahli. Setelah pelatihan kader posyandu dapat memahami mengenai gizi seimbang, deteksi dini stunting dan peran penting kader posyandu menginformasikan gizi optimal pada 1000 HPK sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting serta mengidentifikasi faktor risiko penyebab stunting di wilayah kerja posyandu. Diharapkan peningkatan kapasitas ini dibuat sebagai pelatihan berkesinambungan bersifat periodik dan terprogram dengan baik.

COVID-19 can cause fever, cough, headache, and shortness of breath but patients with comorbidities can experience worsening and death. An action is needed to treat this condition in COVID-19 patients. Omega 3 fatty acids may be one possibility associated with COVID-19 prevention, management, and treatment. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the existing studies on potency of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on COVID-19. We searched studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and Emerald Insight databases published on January 31, 2020, to September 1, 2021. The studies selected were the full-text, non-review ones which focused on the omega 3 fatty acid intervention in COVID-19 with COVID-19 patients and people affected by COVID-19 as their subjects and clinical manifestations or the results of supporting examinations as their outcomes. No quality assessment was performed in this review. Of the 211, there were 4 studies selected for this review. They showed that severe COVID-19 patients have low levels of omega 3 in their blood. Omega 3 was considered to reduce the risk of positive for SARS-CoV-infection and the duration of symptoms, overcome the renal and respiratory dysfunction, and increase survival rate in COVID-19 patients. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementations were thought to have a potential effect in preventing and treating COVID-19. This can be a reference for further research about omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and COVID-19.

Background. Inappropriate anthropometric measurements of infants and toddlers lead to a misclassification in nutritional status and loss of important interventions. Considering the practice conducted in this program within a country, its impact on millions of children must be considered. This study assesses the ability of community health volunteers (CHVs) before and after anthropometric training on infants and toddlers. Methods. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasiexperimental and pretest-posttest design. The pre- and posttraining assessments of CHVs were conducted by standardized trainers using instruments developed according to WHO standards. There were 11 and 13 statement items for infants’ and toddlers’ indicators of assessment in anthropometric measurements, respectively. The result of the assessment was then analyzed using Rasch modeling with stacking and racking data analysis techniques. Results. The CHVs’ skills before training were far from adequate. Although widely varied, all trainees improved their abilities. Stacking analysis showed that the skills of all CHVs in measuring infants and toddlers increased by 2.68 and 3.34 logits ( ), respectively. Racking analysis showed a decrease in the perceived difficulty of all items by 2.61 and 3.07 logits for infant and toddler measurements, respectively ( ). The results of the racking analysis showed that the difficulty in measuring the anthropometrics of infants decreased more than that of toddlers. Conclusions. CHVs’ capacity to monitor child growth must be refreshed regularly. Standardized and proper training and assessment were developed to make CHVs reliable in taking anthropometric measurements of infants and toddlers.

Obesity and central obesity are associated with dire conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, in which low-grade inflammation plays a part. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker found to be elevated in those conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids work against inflammation and lower CRP levels in obese individuals. This study compared high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in adult obesity and central obesity in Indonesia based on omega-3 fatty acid intake using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data. Secondary data from household questionnaires were obtained from the IFLS 5 online database. Data from 3152 subjects were used; 76.65% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 45.27 ± 15.77 years. Subjects were classified into five modified categories of obesity and central obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Omega-3 fatty acid intake was categorized into “low” and “adequate” based on dietary recommendations from the Mediterranean Diet Foundation (2011). There is a significant difference in hs-CRP based on modified obesity categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in hs-CRP between low and adequate omega-3 intake (p > 0.05). These data suggest that hs-CRP is related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity. Meanwhile, omega-3 fatty acids are unrelated to hs-CRP. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 and prediabetes are diet-related diseases with varied individual responses to routine dietary interventions. Personalized nutrition, a novel approach tailored to individual variability in response to nutrients, may offer improved outcomes. Purpose: This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of personalized nutrition compared to control diet for managing diabetes mellitus type 2 and prediabetes. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English up to March 31, 2024. Studies involving humans were screened independently by two reviewers, who also extracted data and assessed study quality using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. The SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis) approach was used to summarize effect estimates and combine p-values. Results: Eight studies, including five RCTs, met the inclusion criteria. Two studies had high risk of bias and another six had some concern bias. Personalized nutrition significantly reduced HbA1c (median mean difference: – 0.925%, p < 0.01, 4 studies), though the effect was minimal in studies with some concern of bias (– 0.035%). Fasting glucose showed no significant change (p = 0.12, 2 studies) in prediabetics, while PPGR improved significantly (– 14.85 mg/dLxh, p < 0.01, 2 studies). Energy intake did not significantly differ (p = 0.06). Personalized nutrition reduced body weight (– 0.58%) compared to control only when including high-risk studies; this effect was not significant in lower-risk studies (p = 0.06). Personalized nutrition also significantly reduced carbohydrate intake (– 10.8% of energy, p = 0.02) compared to control diet. It also improved gut microbiome diversity and richness from baseline in prediabetics. Conclusion: Personalized nutrition shows promise in improving HbA1c, PPGR, and reducing carbohydrate intake, with potential effects on body weight, in adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 or prediabetes. Effects on fasting glucose and energy intake remain unclear.

Background: Short birth length is one of the predictors of stunting. Objectives: This study aimed to examine birth length's determinants, which are risk factors for stunting in later life. Methods: Analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach used secondary data from the Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2021. The population was households representing 33 provinces. The study sample was the babies recorded in the 2021 SSGI study in the West Java census block, with as many as 7,112 babies. The data collected were the birth length of the baby, factors when the mother was pregnant with the baby such as the mother's age, place of residence, mother's education level, occupation, ownership of JKN/Jamkesda, ever received blood supplement tablets, place of delivery, birth attendant, possession of a prosperous family card, social welfare economy, and several family members. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate. The eligible variables were analyzed by multiple logistic regression tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the factors affecting the length of the child's body at birth were the ownership of health insurance (JKN) and the acceptance of blood supplement tablets (TTD). The study found that mothers who did not have health insurance (JKN) were at risk for giving birth to babies with a short body length of 4.526 times. Mothers who received blood supplement tablets were 0.196 times less likely to have a baby with short body length than mothers who had never received blood supplement tablets. Conclusions: Factors that affect short birth length are JKN/Jamkesmas ownership and acceptance of blood supplement tablets. It is recommended that specific nutrition interventions be continued through the provision of blood supplement tablets and sensitive nutrition interventions through health insurance programs in prevention.