Posyandu is an Indonesian mother-child health, community-based healthcare. The provision of the Posyandu data quality map is crucial for analyzing results but is limited. This research aimed to (a) demonstrate data quality analysis on its completeness, accuracy, and consistency and (b) map the data quality in Indonesia for evaluation and improvement. An observational study was conducted using the Posyandu application. We observed data in Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. Data completeness was identified using children’s visits/year. Data accuracy was analyzed using WHO anthropometry z-score and implausible z-score values analyzing the outliers. Cronbach’s α of variables was used to know data consistency. STATA 15.1 SE and QGIS 3.10 was used to analyze and map the quality. Data completeness and accuracy in three years show a good start for the pilot project area, continued with declines in pandemic time, while some other areas demonstrated a small start, then slightly increased. The overall consistency decreased through the study period. A good report on data completeness can occur initially in a pilot project area, followed by others. Data accuracy and consistency can decrease during the pandemic. The app can be promising when synchronized with the government health information system.

The community’s mother and child health (MCH) and nutrition problems can be overcome through evidence-based health policy. Posyandu is an implementation of community empowerment in health promotion strategies. The iPosyandu application (app) is one of the health informatics tools, in which data quality should be considered before any Posyandu health interventions are made. This study aims to describe and assess differences in data quality based on the dimensions (completeness, accuracy, and consistency) of the secondary data collected from the app in Purwakarta Regency in 2019–2021. Obstacles and suggestions for improving its implementation were explored. This research applies a mixed-method explanatory approach. Data completeness was identified as the number of reported visits of children under five per year. Data accuracy was analyzed using WHO Z-score anthropometry and implausible Z-score values. Data consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, followed by qualitative research with focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and field observation notes. The quantitative study results found that some of the data were of good quality. The qualitative research identified the obstacles experienced using the iPosyandu app, one of them being that there were no regulations governing the use of iPosyandu to bridge the needs of the government, and provided suggestions from the field to improve its implementation.

Obesity and central obesity are associated with dire conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, in which low-grade inflammation plays a part. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker found to be elevated in those conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids work against inflammation and lower CRP levels in obese individuals. This study compared high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in adult obesity and central obesity in Indonesia based on omega-3 fatty acid intake using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data. Secondary data from household questionnaires were obtained from the IFLS 5 online database. Data from 3152 subjects were used; 76.65% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 45.27 ± 15.77 years. Subjects were classified into five modified categories of obesity and central obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Omega-3 fatty acid intake was categorized into “low” and “adequate” based on dietary recommendations from the Mediterranean Diet Foundation (2011). There is a significant difference in hs-CRP based on modified obesity categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in hs-CRP between low and adequate omega-3 intake (p > 0.05). These data suggest that hs-CRP is related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity. Meanwhile, omega-3 fatty acids are unrelated to hs-CRP. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Background: Air pollution is an important risk factor for the disease burden; however there is limited evidence in Indonesia on the effect of air pollution on health, due to lack of exposure and health outcome data. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential use of the IFLS data for response part of urban-scale air pollution exposure–health response studies. Methods: Relevant variables were extracted based on IFLS5 documentation review. Analysis of the spatial distribution of respondent, data completeness, prevalence of relevant health outcomes, and consistency or agreement evaluation between similar variables were performed. Power for ideal sample size was estimated. Results: There were 58,304 respondents across 23 provinces, with the highest density in Jakarta (750/district). Among chronic conditions, hypertension had the highest prevalence (15–25%) with data completeness of 79–83%. Consistency among self-reported health outcome variables was 90–99%, while that with objective measurements was 42–70%. The estimated statistical power for studying air pollution effect on hypertension (prevalence = 17%) in Jakarta was approximately 0.6 (α = 0.1). Conclusions: IFLS5 data has potential use for epidemiological study of air pollution and health outcomes such as hypertension, to be coupled with high quality urban-scale air pollution exposure estimates, particularly in Jakarta.

Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant global health burdens, with microalbuminuria (MA) serving as a key early marker of renal damage and cardiovascular risk. While nutritional interventions are pivotal for management, the evidence for specific nutrients is often complex and inconsistent, creating challenges for clinical guidance. This review critically evaluates current evidence on the interaction among macronutrients, micronutrients, and established dietary approaches and their influence on the development and course of HTN and MA. Strong consensus is present regarding sodium restriction, increased intakes of potassium, and the implementation of dietary patterns like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet to improve blood pressure and renal outcomes. Evidence favors protein moderation (approximately 0.8 g/kg/day), especially from plant sources, and emphasizes carbohydrate quality (e.g., high fiber, low glycemic index) over absolute quantity. The role of micronutrients is more nuanced; maintaining vitamin D sufficiency is protective, but intervention trials for many supplements, including B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins (C and E), have yielded inconsistent results. Several minerals, such as iron and selenium, exhibit a U-shaped risk curve where both deficiency and excess are detrimental, highlighting the risks of unselective supplementation. Ideal nutrition care prioritizes holistic dietary patterns over a focus on single nutrients. Clinical guidance should be founded on sodium reduction and potassium-rich foods, with personalized recommendations for protein and micronutrient supplementation based on an individual’s specific cardiovascular and renal profile. Future research must target nutrients with conflicting evidence to establish clear, evidence-based intake guidelines.