Recent advances in the development of innovative textronic products are often related to the implementation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Such devices contain components of wireless telecommunications systems, in which radiofrequency circuits should be designed taking into account not only the frequency band or destined application, but also the dielectric properties of the materials. As is known from the theory of RFID systems, the dielectric permittivity and loss angle of the substrates significantly affect the performance of RFID transponders. Therefore, the knowledge on the variability of these parameters is highly important in the context of developing new solutions in textronic devices with the RFID interface. According to the plan of studies, at the beginning, the comprehensive characterization and determination of the dielectric parameters of various types of textile substrates were carried out. On this basis, the influence of fabrics on the performance of textronic RFID (RFIDtex) tags was characterized with numerical calculations. As the RFIDtex transponders proposed by the authors in the patent PL231291 have an outstanding design in which the antenna and the chip are located on physically separated substrates and are galvanically isolated, the special means had to be implemented when creating a numerical model. On the other hand, the great advantage of the developed construction was confirmed. Since the impedance at the chip’s terminals is primarily determined by the coupling system, the selected fabrics have relatively low impact on the efficiency of the RFIDtex transponder. Such an effect is impossible to achieve with classical designs of passive or semi-passive transponders. The correctness of the simulations was verified on the exemplary demonstrators, in threshold and rotation measurements performed at the laboratory stand.

The subject of a distributed RFID system with proximity-range read/write devices (RWD) is considered in this paper. Possible work scenarios were presented in the scope of industrial implementations and were then tested in a dedicated laboratory set. The development system is based on a high-frequency RWD integrated with a Wi-Fi microcontroller unit to create an Internet of things connected with a server (for data exchanging, user interface, etc.) via a wireless local area network. In practical applications, in order to increase the interrogation zone (IZ), there is a tendency to use one RWD with significant output power equipped with a multiplexer for managing several antennas located in the operational space. Such a solution is often economically unprofitable and even impossible to implement, especially in the case of the need to create the large IZ. Responding to market demand, the authors propose a distributed system developed on the basis of several cheap RFID reader modules and a few freely available hardware/software tools. They created the fully functional RFID platform and confirmed its usefulness in static and dynamic systems of object identification.

The article presents basic information on the Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks. Then a prototype IoT system was designed, its operation was described in general and the available security measures for such systems were presented. On the example of selected hardware and software solutions, the possibilities and tools for remote management, integration and organization of data exchange were analyzed. On this basis, a description of selected, exemplary practical solutions was presented and a methodology for selecting, designing and programming such systems was proposed. The connection diagram for a single network node is presented, the services running on the server are briefly discussed and the MQTT protocol (data exchange via a computer network) is generally characterized. Basic security has been implemented in the developed system. All communication took place without information encryption (data sent in clear text). The results of basic research carried out with the use of the Wireshark program are also presented, as well as the potential forms of protection of IoT systems. The main purpose of the article below was to show the great importance of data transmission security in such systems. W ramach artykułu przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat Internetu Rzeczy oraz bezprzewodowych sieci czujników. Następnie zaprojektowano prototypowy system IoT, opisano ogólnie jego działanie oraz przedstawiono dostępne zabezpieczeniatego typu systemów. Na przykładzie wybranych rozwiązań sprzętowo programowych przeanalizowano możliwości i narzędzia służące do zdalnego zarządzania, integracji oraz organizacji wymiany danych. Na tej podstawie przedstawiono opis wybranych, przykładowych rozwiązań praktycznych i zaproponowano metodykę selekcji, projektowania i programowania tego typu systemów. Zaprezentowanoschemat połączeń dla układu pojedynczego węzła sieciowego, omówiono pokrótce usługi uruchomione na serwerze oraz scharakteryzowano ogólnie protokół MQTT (wymiana danych za pośrednictwem sieci komputerowej). W opracowanym systemie zaimplementowano podstawowe zabezpieczenia. Całość komunikacji odbywała się bez szyfrowania informacji (dane przesyłane jawnym tekstem). Przedstawiono również wyniki podstawowych badań wykonanych z użyciem programu Wireshark oraz zwrócono uwagę na potencjalne formy ochrony systemów IoT. Głównym celem poniższego artykułu było pokazanie jak ogromne znaczenie ma bezpieczeństwo transmisji danych w tego typu systemach.