The intensification of urban heat islands in high-density coastal slope areas poses significant challenges to sustainable development. From the perspective of sustainable urban design, this study investigates adaptive greening strategies to mitigate thermal stress, aiming to elucidate the key microclimate mechanisms under the combined influence of sea breezes and complex terrain to develop sustainable solutions that synergistically improve the thermal environment and energy efficiency. Combining field measurements with ENVI-met numerical simulations, this research systematically evaluates the thermal impacts of various greening strategies, including current conditions, lawns, shrubs, and tree configurations with different canopy coverages and leaf area indexes. During summer afternoon heat episodes, the highest temperatures within the building-dense sites were recorded in unshaded open areas, reaching 31.6 °C with a UTCI of 43.95 °C. While green shading provided some cooling, the contribution of natural ventilation was more significant (shrubs and lawns reduced temperatures by 0.23 °C and 0.15 °C on average, respectively, whereas various tree planting schemes yielded minimal reductions of only 0.012–0.015 °C). Consequently, this study proposes a climate-adaptive sustainable design paradigm: in areas aligned with the prevailing sea breeze, lower tree coverage should be maintained to create ventilation corridors that maximize passive cooling through natural wind resources; conversely, in densely built areas with continuous urban interfaces, higher tree coverage is essential to enhance shading and reduce solar radiant heat loads.

Coffee shops and teahouses are important everyday consumption venues through which changes in urban consumption-space organization can be observed. Existing studies have often examined them separately, leaving limited comparative evidence on how their coexistence, relative balance, directional change, and functional embedding differ across contrasting urban contexts. This study compares Jinan and Qingdao, two major cities in Shandong Province with different historical and functional settings, using annual point-of-interest (POI) data from 2018 to 2024 within a unified 500 m × 500 m grid framework. Coffee Ratio (CR), Hybridization Index (HI), and Cultural Transition Intensity (CTI) were combined with long-run cultural zones, temporal trajectory types, functional-zone context, and supplementary robustness checks to examine POI-observed coffee–tea venue patterns. The results show that coffee–tea venue change cannot be understood as a simple process in which coffee replaces tea. Jinan showed substantial overall expansion in coffee-shop and teahouse POIs, with total counts increasing by 64.6% from 2018 to 2024, while coffee share changed only slightly from 42.6% to 43.1%. By contrast, Qingdao showed little overall growth in total counts (+0.9%) but a marked compositional shift toward coffee, with coffee share increasing from 49.3% to 59.1%. Grid-level results further indicate that Qingdao had clearer coffee-oriented restructuring, a higher coffee-dominant share than Jinan, and more stable coffee trajectories, whereas Jinan retained a stronger tea-oriented base, higher coexistence balance, and more bidirectional adjustment. Functional-zone analyses showed significant contextual associations in both cities, with clearer functional differentiation in Qingdao and stronger links between mixed-use settings and cultural hybridity in Jinan. Overall, the findings suggest that POI-observed coffee–tea venue restructuring is better understood as differentiated reorganization characterized by coexistence, selective concentration, and uneven directional change rather than as a single linear process of substitution.

Coffee shops and teahouses are important everyday consumption venues through which changes in urban consumption-space organization can be observed. Existing studies have often examined them separately, leaving limited comparative evidence on how their coexistence, relative balance, directional change, and functional embedding differ across contrasting urban contexts. This study compares Jinan and Qingdao, two major cities in Shandong Province with different historical and functional settings, using annual point-of-interest (POI) data from 2018 to 2024 within a unified 500 m × 500 m grid framework. Coffee Ratio (CR), Hybridization Index (HI), and Cultural Transition Intensity (CTI) were combined with long-run cultural zones, temporal trajectory types, functional-zone context, and supplementary robustness checks to examine POI-observed coffee–tea venue patterns. The results show that coffee–tea venue change cannot be understood as a simple process in which coffee replaces tea. Jinan showed substantial overall expansion in coffee-shop and teahouse POIs, with total counts increasing by 64.6% from 2018 to 2024, while coffee share changed only slightly from 42.6% to 43.1%. By contrast, Qingdao showed little overall growth in total counts (+0.9%) but a marked compositional shift toward coffee, with coffee share increasing from 49.3% to 59.1%. Grid-level results further indicate that Qingdao had clearer coffee-oriented restructuring, a higher coffee-dominant share than Jinan, and more stable coffee trajectories, whereas Jinan retained a stronger tea-oriented base, higher coexistence balance, and more bidirectional adjustment. Functional-zone analyses showed significant contextual associations in both cities, with clearer functional differentiation in Qingdao and stronger links between mixed-use settings and cultural hybridity in Jinan. Overall, the findings suggest that POI-observed coffee–tea venue restructuring is better understood as differentiated reorganization characterized by coexistence, selective concentration, and uneven directional change rather than as a single linear process of substitution.

Coffee shops and teahouses are important everyday consumption venues through which changes in urban consumption-space organization can be observed. Existing studies have often examined them separately, leaving limited comparative evidence on how their coexistence, relative balance, directional change, and functional embedding differ across contrasting urban contexts. This study compares Jinan and Qingdao, two major cities in Shandong Province with different historical and functional settings, using annual point-of-interest (POI) data from 2018 to 2024 within a unified 500 m × 500 m grid framework. Coffee Ratio (CR), Hybridization Index (HI), and Cultural Transition Intensity (CTI) were combined with long-run cultural zones, temporal trajectory types, functional-zone context, and supplementary robustness checks to examine POI-observed coffee–tea venue patterns. The results show that coffee–tea venue change cannot be understood as a simple process in which coffee replaces tea. Jinan showed substantial overall expansion in coffee-shop and teahouse POIs, with total counts increasing by 64.6% from 2018 to 2024, while coffee share changed only slightly from 42.6% to 43.1%. By contrast, Qingdao showed little overall growth in total counts (+0.9%) but a marked compositional shift toward coffee, with coffee share increasing from 49.3% to 59.1%. Grid-level results further indicate that Qingdao had clearer coffee-oriented restructuring, a higher coffee-dominant share than Jinan, and more stable coffee trajectories, whereas Jinan retained a stronger tea-oriented base, higher coexistence balance, and more bidirectional adjustment. Functional-zone analyses showed significant contextual associations in both cities, with clearer functional differentiation in Qingdao and stronger links between mixed-use settings and cultural hybridity in Jinan. Overall, the findings suggest that POI-observed coffee–tea venue restructuring is better understood as differentiated reorganization characterized by coexistence, selective concentration, and uneven directional change rather than as a single linear process of substitution.

Coffee shops and teahouses are important everyday consumption venues through which changes in urban consumption-space organization can be observed. Existing studies have often examined them separately, leaving limited comparative evidence on how their coexistence, relative balance, directional change, and functional embedding differ across contrasting urban contexts. This study compares Jinan and Qingdao, two major cities in Shandong Province with different historical and functional settings, using annual point-of-interest (POI) data from 2018 to 2024 within a unified 500 m × 500 m grid framework. Coffee Ratio (CR), Hybridization Index (HI), and Cultural Transition Intensity (CTI) were combined with long-run cultural zones, temporal trajectory types, functional-zone context, and supplementary robustness checks to examine POI-observed coffee–tea venue patterns. The results show that coffee–tea venue change cannot be understood as a simple process in which coffee replaces tea. Jinan showed substantial overall expansion in coffee-shop and teahouse POIs, with total counts increasing by 64.6% from 2018 to 2024, while coffee share changed only slightly from 42.6% to 43.1%. By contrast, Qingdao showed little overall growth in total counts (+0.9%) but a marked compositional shift toward coffee, with coffee share increasing from 49.3% to 59.1%. Grid-level results further indicate that Qingdao had clearer coffee-oriented restructuring, a higher coffee-dominant share than Jinan, and more stable coffee trajectories, whereas Jinan retained a stronger tea-oriented base, higher coexistence balance, and more bidirectional adjustment. Functional-zone analyses showed significant contextual associations in both cities, with clearer functional differentiation in Qingdao and stronger links between mixed-use settings and cultural hybridity in Jinan. Overall, the findings suggest that POI-observed coffee–tea venue restructuring is better understood as differentiated reorganization characterized by coexistence, selective concentration, and uneven directional change rather than as a single linear process of substitution.