Land administration systems are of great importance for a large number of stakeholders. One of the key problems related to land administration systems is the problem of the correctness of their state, meaning that data stored in land administration systems are not in concordance with the actual legal, spatial and topographic situation. The main causes of land administration systems’ incorrect state are data collection and compilation, data processing, and data misuse. In this paper, we discuss the problems of data tampering, the long time needed for registering land administration system’s transactions, and the possibility of double spending, which all can add incorrectness in a land administration system. Our research is based on the hypothesis that these problems may be addressed by means of distributed ledger technology, or to be more precise, by means of blockchain technology. The solution is presented in a form of a smart contract written in Solidity programing language that can cover even those more specific use cases in land administration systems such as sharing of ownership, transferring part of ownership, splitting or merging of real estate, and limiting the possibility of trading a real estate. The proposed smart contract represents an implementation of a programming interface that was created based on both ERC-20 and ERC-721 token standards, to satisfy the specific needs of land administration systems.

This study investigated the crucial factors for measuring the success of the information system used in the e-learning process, considering the transformations in the work environment. This study was motivated by the changes caused by COVID-19 witnessed after the shift to fully online learning environments supported by e-learning systems, i.e., learning emphasized with information systems. Empirical research was conducted on a sample comprising teaching staff from two European universities: the University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Serbia and the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco in Portugal. By synthesizing knowledge from review of the prior literature, supported by the findings of this study, the authors propose an Extended Information System Success Measurement Model—EISSMM. EISSMM underlines the importance of workforce agility, which includes the factors of proactivity, adaptability, and resistance to change, in the information system performance measurement model. The results of our research provide more extensive evidence and findings for scholars and practitioners that could support measuring information system success primarily in e-learning and other various contextual settings, highlighting the importance of people’s responses to work environment changes.

Well-structured and organised cadastral records and cadastral maps are a prerequisite for improving land administration services. In recent years, numerous problems and issues associated with cadastral data have been encountered in Serbia and attempts to overcome these problems have been made. The integration of land registry data with cadastral data containing land use component usually results in inconsistencies in land administration databases. To address this problem, an appropriate domain model has been developed using the Unified Process methodology and considering the land administration domain model and other ISO 19000 standards. Examples of verifying land administration data integrity in relational and object-oriented data models are presented.

During the last couple of years, non-fungible tokens became the most prominent implementation of blockchain technology apart from cryptocurrencies. This is mainly due to their recent association with digital art, but the application of non-fungible tokens has been in the focus of researchers since the appearance of Blockchain 2.0. It was usually tightly coupled with the research on possible applications of blockchain technology in some real-life applications, such as land administration, healthcare, or supply chain management. Since the initial release of the Ethereum blockchain in 2015, until 2022, more than 44 million smart contracts have been created, and out of those that are still active, more than 70% are based on some prominent templates. In the Ethereum blockchain, the creation of nonfungible tokens is usually based on Ethereum Request for Comments 721. In this paper, the authors are proposing the creation of a new standard that would support fractional ownership of non-fungible tokens. Fractional ownership is necessary so non-fungible tokens and blockchain technology could be applied to an even wider number of use cases. This paper also presents an example of a possible implementation of the newly proposed standard in the Solidity programming language.

The Land Administration System (LAS) records real estates, owners, and rights information. Changes that take place in the real world are recorded as transactions in LAS. This paper discusses various data-integrity constraints that have to be taken into account so that LAS data will be correct and consistent after the execution of LAS transactions. Those transactions are executed by system users, typically through some graphical user interface (GUI) applications. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) provide the possibility for domain experts to write statements that can be interpreted and executed on respective software systems. In the case of LAS, DSL for LAS transactions could enable land administration experts to write statements that would execute transactions and keep LAS data up to date with real world changes. Two types of LAS transactions are considered: legal transactions, which result in ownership changes, and survey transactions, which change the real estate geometry data. In this paper, a possible DSL solution for transactions in the LAS domain is proposed. A system architecture that could enable the efficient writing, validation, verification, execution, and storage of DSL statements is also proposed. A possible DSL for LAS transaction implementation is presented, and examples of legal and survey transactions are explained. The advantages and possible challenges of the proposed solution’s implementation are also discussed in this paper.