This tutorial review provides a good introduction to spirocyclization reactions of indole derivatives and highlights the recent advances in the construction of spiroindolines and spiroindoles.

The impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on the functionalization of indoles and related heterocycles is reviewed.

MOFs exhibit inherent extraordinary features for diverse applications ranging from catalysis, storage, and optics to chemosensory and biomedical science and technology. Several procedures including solvothermal, hydrothermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and ultrasound techniques have been used to synthesize MOFs with tailored features. A continued attempt has also been directed towards functionalizing MOFs via “post-synthetic modification” mainly by changing linkers (by altering the type, length, functionality, and charge of the linkers) or node components within the MOF framework. Additionally, efforts are aimed towards manipulating the size and morphology of crystallite domains in the MOFs, which are aimed at enlarging their applications window. Today’s knowledge of artificial intelligence and machine learning has opened new pathways to elaborate multiple nanoporous complex MOFs and nano-MOFs (NMOFs) for advanced theranostic, clinical, imaging, and diagnostic purposes. Successful accumulation of a photosensitizer in cancerous cells was a significant step in cancer therapy. The application of MOFs as advanced materials and systems for cancer therapy is the main scope beyond this perspective. Some challenging aspects and promising features in MOF-based cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy have also been discussed.

This review covers recent advances in C–H bromination of aromatic substrates. Transition-metal-catalyzed/-mediated reactions and transition-metal-free methods are discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Bromination 2.1 Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions 2.2 Rhodium-, Cobalt- and Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions 2.3 Copper-Mediated Reactions 2.4 Gold-Catalyzed Reactions 3 Transition-Metal-Free Bromination 3.1 Conventional Electrophilic Bromination 3.2 Oxidative Bromination 3.3 Bromination of Heterocyclic N-Oxides 4 Conclusions

The use of visible light and photoredox catalysis emerged as a powerful and sustainable tool for organic synthesis, showing high value for distinctly different ways of bond creation. Halogenated compounds are the cornerstone of contemporary organic synthesis: it is almost impossible to develop a route towards a pharmaceutical reagent, agrochemical, natural product, etc. without the involvement of halogen-containing intermediates. Moreover, the halogenated derivatives as final products became indispensable for drug discovery and materials science. The idea of this review is to understand and summarise the impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on halogenation and halofunctionalisation reactions.