Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment choice. The aim of this review was to examine the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, in order to better define diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as the prognostic impact of these rare neoplasms. A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria was conducted between September and November 2022. The authors considered the three main histological patterns of sinonasal tumors, namely Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma, and Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In total, 246 articles were eventually included in the analysis. The genetic and epigenetic changes underlying the oncogenic process were discussed, through a qualitative synthesis of the included studies. The identification of a comprehensive model of carcinogenesis for each sinonasal cancer subtype is needed, in order to pave the way toward tailored treatment approaches and improve survival for this rare and challenging group of cancers.

Objective: Oropharyngeal carcinoma represents a tumor with an increased concern in human health and treatment strategy. This study aims to identify any tumor or patient‐related characteristics capable of predicting response to non‐surgical curative treatment in a cohort of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and define oncological outcomes of overall survival and progression‐free survival. Methods: A monocentric retrospective cohort study was performed, including 223 patients with non‐metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent with a non‐surgical strategy. Patients were treated at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy) after a multidisciplinary evaluation between January 2010 and December 2021. The treatment response was assessed by using the RECIST 1.1 Criteria on imaging performed 3 months after treatment. Results: Tonsil subsite and stage I were independently associated with a complete treatment response (OR = 0.53, p = 0.05, and OR = 0.32, p = 0.01, respectively). The association between smoking and p16− status resulted in a higher probability of a not‐complete response (OR = 1.72, p = 0.05). Similar results were found for soft palate subsite, cT4, N2 in the p16+ group, and stage IVb in the p16− group. Conversely, cT1 was associated with a higher probability of complete response. Age and the extension to nearby structures did not influence the response. Conclusions: This retrospective study shows a possible stratification of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on factors that influence treatment response rate. The identification of a phenotype of a non‐responding tumor could better define therapeutic and follow‐up programs. Level of Evidence: 4.