Implementing Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) services uncovered the importance of the totality of the patient’s perspective in this process. The holistic approach takes into account the physical, mental and emotional well-being of individuals, as well as their socioeconomic circumstances. The aim of this study was to characterize the scientific evidence associated with CMM services that included this holistic approach. A scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s method. Searches were performed in Google Scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Study design, health contexts, sample of patients, results obtained, barriers and facilitators, and the integration of a holistic approach were determined. Two hundred and eighteen papers were evaluated, most of which focused on the implementation of this service through prospective observational studies. A minority of studies reported on a holistic approach, a smaller number examined the effect of social determinants of health, the patient’s medication experiences and the pharmacotherapy outcomes from the patient’s perspective. Despite the progress achieved, most of the referents do not yet reflect a broader view of the patient’s life situation and its relationship to pharmacotherapy and the ways in which the pharmacist implements holistic elements to solve or prevent drug-related problems.

Background: Over the past decades, the qualitative research approach has played a crucial role in supporting the adoption of Pharmaceutical Care (PhC) and offers a valuable approach to explore health issues from a social and cultural perspective. It delves into attitudes, perceptions, behaviours, beliefs, and social representations related to health phenomena.Objective: To explore the experiences, insights and outlook of pharmacists regarding the development of PhC in daily practice in Belgium and Cuba. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic content analysis was used. Themes emerged by examining key phrases in the interviewees' responses. Results: Fifteen interviews with 18 professionals in Belgium and 10 interviews from Cuba were conducted. In total, 18 themes emerged from the Belgian and Cubans interviewees, 12 common themes and six non-overlapping themes. Common issues addressed in both countries include: access to patient records, lack of time, pharmacy staff and private spaces, legal framework, and non-systematic practice of PhC, pharmacists' attitudes, interaction with physicians, the need for collaborative practice, insufficient recording of PhC activity, and continuity of care between levels of care. Themes specific to Belgium include the need for remuneration, patient loyalty to a single pharmacy, and quality control of PhC services. Meanwhile, Cuba faces particular challenges such as a lack of materials and technological resources, shortages of medicines, and inadequate administrative support.Conclusion: Both Belgium and Cuba face challenges in implementing pharmaceutical care (PhC). Despite their differences, both countries need to enhance PhC by improving resources, tools, and monitoring. Belgium has made progress in PhC, while Cuba faces resource limitations. The holistic approach to pharmacists' professional perception and practice is still limited.