Reaction time (RT) is a widely used measure for testing physical performance in motor tasks. This study focused on assessing the processing speed in athletes. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were assigned to the control (n = 16) or athletes groups (n = 9). They were evaluated during motor reaction tasks based on visual stimuli and three difficulty conditions. Physiological measures were obtained from motion capture and electromyography recordings of several muscles. Two RT phases, decision-making (DMK) and electromechanical delay (EMD), were used to analyze the processing speed. The results show significant RT differences between groups. The athletes were ~30% faster compared to the control group. Despite the fact that all participants were right-handed, RT did not show any differences between hands performances in any group. However, DMK time revealed significant differences between the hands. Controls showed a longer DMK time for the right-hand election, ~20% more than the left, while athletes showed no such disparity. These findings reveal that quantifying the decision-making component of reaction time is crucial to assessing processing speed in sport. This approach could facilitate the monitoring of adaptations in both motor–cognitive and neuromuscular processes. The theoretical implications presented in this study offer perspectives on handedness research.

Objetivo: En este estudio se comparó la respuesta la glucemia y lactato, durante el ejercicio y la recuperación en la carrera y ciclismo en un grupo de triatletas amateurs. Métodos: Durante el año 2019, 59 triatletas amateurs hombres (32,9±4,55 años) de la provincia de Barcelona fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una prueba de esfuerzo en tapiz rodante (n=30) o a una prueba en cicloergómetro (n=29). Se obtuvieron parámetros ventilatorios, glucemia y lactato, antes de la prueba en reposo, al final de la prueba y, a los 5min de recuperación. Resultados: Al finalizar la prueba y durante la recuperación, la glucemia fue mayor en el grupo de tapiz rodante que en el grupo de cicloergómetro (p<0,001). Al finalizar, el lactato fue mayor en cicloergómetro que en tapiz rodante (p=0,039). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio revelan diferencias metabólicas significativas entre la carrera y el ciclismo durante pruebas de esfuerzo máximo. La glucemia fue notablemente más elevada al finalizar la prueba en tapiz rodante y durante la recuperación, en comparación con el cicloergómetro. Esto sugiere una mayor liberación de glucosa durante la carrera, posiblemente debido al mayor reclutamiento muscular y demanda energética. En contraste, los niveles de lactato fueron superiores tras la prueba en cicloergómetro, lo que podría atribuirse a un esfuerzo más localizado en grupos musculares específicos. Nuestros resultados deberían ser tenidos en cuenta por entrenadores y triatletas a la hora de diseñar sus programas de entrenamiento para promover una mayor eficacia en la preparación física y el rendimiento.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is presented as a safe, effective, and time-efficient strategy for individuals with type 1 diabetes, offering benefits for glycemic control, cardiovascular function, and physical fitness, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia than other exercise modalities. However, substantial variability exists among protocols, and there is no consensus on optimal dosage. This study reviewed 18 investigations to identify key parameters for safe and effective implementation. Results emphasize the importance of individualized programming, adherence to protocols, frequent glucose monitoring, and professional supervision. A preliminary framework is proposed to guide personalized HIIT programs for people with type 1 diabetes.

Subjects with low back pain (LBP) have shown different responses to fatigue compared to healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the connectivity of the multifidus muscles using intermuscular coherence (IMC) in a squat protocol between healthy subjects and a subject with a history of low back pain. The protocol consisted of three sets of squats, with the final set performed with as many repetitions as possible to induce muscular fatigue. The findings indicated that IMC decreased among healthy subjects during the last repetitions of the squat series, with percentage changes in connectivity (CC) ranging from approximately 43.3% to 67.3% when comparing the first and last 10 repetitions. In contrast, the subject with a history of low back pain (LBP) exhibited an opposite trend, showing a 41.8% increase in IMC. These results suggest a different response of IMC to fatigue related to LBP. This also establishes IMC as a potentially useful tool for characterizing fatigue and LBP during physical exercise.