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Fernando Suárez
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Minera, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Materials
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The size effect on plain concrete specimens is well known and can be correctly captured when performing numerical simulations by using a well characterised softening function. Nevertheless, in the case of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC), this is not directly applicable, since using only diagram cannot capture the material behaviour on elements with different sizes due to dependence of the orientation factor of the fibres with the size of the specimen. In previous works, the use of a trilinear softening diagram proved to be very convenient for reproducing fracture of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete elements, but only if it is previously adapted for each specimen size. In this work, a predictive methodology is used to reproduce fracture of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete specimens of different sizes under three-point bending. Fracture is reproduced by means of a well-known embedded cohesive model, with a trilinear softening function that is defined specifically for each specimen size. The fundamental points of these softening functions are defined a priori by using empirical expressions proposed in past works, based on an extensive experimental background. Therefore, the numerical results are obtained in a predictive manner and then compared with a previous experimental campaign in which PFRC notched specimens of different sizes were tested with a three-point bending test setup, showing that this approach properly captures the size effect, although some values of the fundamental points in the trilinear diagram could be defined more accurately.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials 2021, 14, 3795 .

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, Jaime Gálvez, Marcos Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials. 2021; 14 (14):3795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach." Materials 14, no. 14: 3795.

Preprint
Published: 20 May 2021
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Size effect on plain concrete specimens is well known and can be correctly captured when performing numerical simulations by using a well characterised softening function, but in the case of fibre reinforced concrete this is not directly applicable, since an only diagram cannot capture the material behaviour on elements with different size due to dependence of the orientation factor of the fibres with the size of the specimen. In previous works, the use of a trilinear softening diagram proved to be very convenient for reproducing fracture of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete elements, but only if it is previously adapted for each specimen size. In this work, a predictive methodology is used to reproduce fracture of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete specimens of different sizes under three-point bending. Fracture is reproduced by means of a well known embedded cohesive model, with a trilinear softening function that is defined specifically for each specimen size. The fundamental points of these softening functions are defined a priori by using empirical expressions proposed in past works, based on an extensive experimental background. Therefore, the numerical results are obtained in a predictive manner, and then compared with a previous experimental campaign, showing that this approach properly captures the size effect, although some values of the fundamental points in the trilinear diagram could be defined more accurately.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime C Gálvez; Marcos G Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, Jaime C Gálvez, Marcos G Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime C Gálvez; Marcos G Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Education Sciences
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The classroom closure during the first semester of 2020 entailed decisive changes in higher education. Universities have become more digital in both the availability of e-resources and pervasive devices and how students communicate with lecturers and classmates. Learners adapted their study habits with a growing role of self-paced, internet-based strategies. Some flipped learning approaches have proven their efficacy under the remote-teaching physical constraints. This study aimed to appraise the outcomes from the implementation of various web-based, learning-aid tools on flipped teaching approaches in engineering modules. The open educational resources (OER) performed satisfactorily during the lockdown period in three universities from two countries with similar higher education models. Such resources encompassed classroom response systems and web-based exercise repositories, designed for diverse purposes such as autonomous learning, self-correction, flipped classroom, peer assessment, and guided study. The acquired experiences reveal that OER helped students to enhance their engagement, reach the deeper levels of the cone of learning, and widen their range of learning abilities. This procedure is easily attainable for architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) courses and lifelong learning settings. Feedback from students, instructors’ perceptions, and learning outcomes show the suitability and effectiveness of the web-based learning assistant procedure presented here.

ACS Style

Juan Mosquera Feijóo; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Marcos Alberti. Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 211 .

AMA Style

Juan Mosquera Feijóo, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Marcos Alberti. Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Mosquera Feijóo; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Marcos Alberti. 2021. "Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown." Education Sciences 11, no. 5: 211.

Book chapter
Published: 01 April 2021 in Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação
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ACS Style

Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo; Fernando Suárez Guerra; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco; Marcos García Alberti. UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB. Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação 2021, 76 -87.

AMA Style

Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo, Fernando Suárez Guerra, Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco, Marcos García Alberti. UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB. Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação. 2021; ():76-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo; Fernando Suárez Guerra; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco; Marcos García Alberti. 2021. "UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB." Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação , no. : 76-87.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Education Sciences
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As a consequence of the global health emergency in early 2020, universities had to tackle a sudden shift in their teaching–learning strategies so that the preset competences could be fulfilled. This study presents the learning outcomes of the implemented tasks, student experiences, and feedback, as well as some reflections from the instructors with a holistic perspective of the courses due to the adopted measures and adaptations. Six courses taught at civil engineering degrees of three universities, two from Spain and one from Peru, were analyzed. The teaching and evaluation strategies are described, and some reflections are made by comparing the student’s performance with the previous course. Though the shift to online learning had to be made from day to day, with no time for preparation, the experience has proved that online learning can be beneficial in some aspects and has probably come to stay, although some other aspects are difficult to replace with respect to face-to-face learning, especially students’ engagement and motivation. The significance of this study relies on a description of the challenges that arose due to the global public health and an assessment of the results of the implemented strategies to account for both teaching and evaluation in modules of civil engineering. After the acquired experience, new questions have arisen, e.g., what type of content is (and what is not) adequate or suitable for online exams? What features have come to stay? Has higher education taken a step forward to tomorrow’s education?

ACS Style

Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 59 .

AMA Style

Marcos García-Alberti, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Juan Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Mosquera Feijoo. 2021. "Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic." Education Sciences 11, no. 2: 59.

Preprint
Published: 05 January 2021
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As a consequence of the global sanitary crisis in early 2020, universities had to tackle with a sudden shift in their teaching-learning strategies so that the preset competences could be fulfilled. This study presents the learning outcomes of the tasks implemented, student experiences and feedback, as well as some reflections from the instructors with a holistic perspective of the courses due to the measures and adaptations adopted. Six courses taught at Civil Engineering degrees of three universities, two from Spain and one from Peru, are analyzed. The teaching and evaluation strategies are described and some reflections are made by comparing the student’s performance with the previous course. Although the shift to online learning had to be made from day to day, with no time for preparation, the experience has proved that online learning can be beneficial in some aspects and have probably come to stay, although some others are difficult to replace with respect to face-to-face learning, especially students’ engagement and motivation.

ACS Style

Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Marcos García-Alberti, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. 2021. "Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Gypsum is the most widely used material as interior lining in buildings due to its low cost and good habitability conditions. The use of fibres as randomly distributed reinforcement of quasibrittle matrices, such as gypsum, remarkably improve the material behaviour under tensile stresses. In this work, the fracture behaviour of gypsum specimens reinforced with several types of polymer fibres was assessed, for one of them three fibre lengths were studied. Three types of polymer fibres were employed, with one of them being of microscopic scale and the other two of macroscopic scale. The mechanical behaviour of each mix was studied by means of three-point bending tests and compression tests that were analysed using a digital image correlation system. To study the influence of the fibre length, pull-out tests were also performed. The size, surface finishing and length of the fibres strongly affect the material properties and the way that the fracture mechanisms are developed.

ACS Style

F. Suárez; L. Felipe-Sesé; F.A. Díaz; Jaime Galvez; M.G. Alberti. On the fracture behaviour of fibre-reinforced gypsum using micro and macro polymer fibres. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 244, 118347 .

AMA Style

F. Suárez, L. Felipe-Sesé, F.A. Díaz, Jaime Galvez, M.G. Alberti. On the fracture behaviour of fibre-reinforced gypsum using micro and macro polymer fibres. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 244 ():118347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Suárez; L. Felipe-Sesé; F.A. Díaz; Jaime Galvez; M.G. Alberti. 2020. "On the fracture behaviour of fibre-reinforced gypsum using micro and macro polymer fibres." Construction and Building Materials 244, no. : 118347.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2019 in Materials
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Prestressed monoblock railway sleepers are concrete elements with almost no reinforcement apart from the prestressing wires, which makes them very sensitive to any stress variation that can induce tensile stresses. In recent years, severe longitudinal cracking has been observed in a number of sleepers in hot regions of Spain, even before these elements were put in service. This work studies the problem while considering the thermal variation as the main factor affecting this cracking phenomenon. A non-linear static load-step analysis is applied on a non-linear finite element model to reproduce the problem and, after its experimental validation, the influence of three design parameters of the sleepers are studied: the nature of concrete aggregates, the dowel thickness, and the dowel material. The results show that all these three parameters may have significant influence on the problem, with the dowel material being the most important parameter. When the dowels are made of a material with a high elastic modulus and a high thermal expansion coefficient, the crack opening induced by a realistic thermal variation can reach significant values and result in longitudinal crack propagation. The changes of humidity are not considered in this study because they are beyond the scope of this work.

ACS Style

Jesús Donaire-Ávila; Antonio Montañés-López; Fernando Suárez. Influence of Temperature on the Longitudinal Cracking in Multipurpose Precast Concrete Sleepers Prior to Their Installation. Materials 2019, 12, 2731 .

AMA Style

Jesús Donaire-Ávila, Antonio Montañés-López, Fernando Suárez. Influence of Temperature on the Longitudinal Cracking in Multipurpose Precast Concrete Sleepers Prior to Their Installation. Materials. 2019; 12 (17):2731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Donaire-Ávila; Antonio Montañés-López; Fernando Suárez. 2019. "Influence of Temperature on the Longitudinal Cracking in Multipurpose Precast Concrete Sleepers Prior to Their Installation." Materials 12, no. 17: 2731.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Metals
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This paper analyzes the evolution of the internal damage in two types of steel that show different fracture behaviors, with one of them being the initial material used for manufacturing prestressing steel wires, and the other one being a standard steel used in reinforced concrete structures. The first of them shows a flat fracture surface perpendicular to the loading direction while the second one shows the typical cup-cone surface. 3 mm-diameter cylindrical specimens are tested with a tensile test carried out in several loading steps and, after each of them, unloaded and analyzed with X-ray tomography, which allows detection of internal damage throughout the tensile test. In the steel used for reinforcement, damage is developed progressively in the whole specimen, as predicted by Gurson-type models, while in the steel used for manufacturing prestressing steel-wire, damage is developed only in the very last part of the test. In addition to the experimental study, a numerical analysis is carried out by means of the finite element method by using a Gurson model to reproduce the material behavior.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; Federico Sket; Jaime C. Gálvez; David A. Cendón; José M. Atienza; Jon Molina-Aldareguia. The Evolution of Internal Damage Identified by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography in Two Steels and the Ensuing Relation with Gurson’s Numerical Modelling. Metals 2019, 9, 292 .

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, Federico Sket, Jaime C. Gálvez, David A. Cendón, José M. Atienza, Jon Molina-Aldareguia. The Evolution of Internal Damage Identified by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography in Two Steels and the Ensuing Relation with Gurson’s Numerical Modelling. Metals. 2019; 9 (3):292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; Federico Sket; Jaime C. Gálvez; David A. Cendón; José M. Atienza; Jon Molina-Aldareguia. 2019. "The Evolution of Internal Damage Identified by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography in Two Steels and the Ensuing Relation with Gurson’s Numerical Modelling." Metals 9, no. 3: 292.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2018 in Materials
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The determination of the parameters that characterize the air-void system in hardened concrete elements becomes crucial for structures under freezing and thawing cycles. The ASTM C457 standard describes some procedures to accomplish this task, but they are not easy to apply, require specialised equipment, such as a stereoscopic microscope, and result in highly tedious tasks to be performed. This paper describes an alternative procedure to the modified point-count method that is described in the Standard that makes use of macro photography. This alternative procedure uses macro-photographic images that can be obtained with a quite standard photo camera and it is successfully applied to a large set of samples and presents some advantages over the traditional method, since the required equipment is less expensive and provides a more comfortable and less tedious procedure for the operator.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; José J. Conchillo; Jaime Galvez; María J. Casati. Macro Photography as an Alternative to the Stereoscopic Microscope in the Standard Test Method for Microscopical Characterisation of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete: Equipment and Methodology. Materials 2018, 11, 1515 .

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, José J. Conchillo, Jaime Galvez, María J. Casati. Macro Photography as an Alternative to the Stereoscopic Microscope in the Standard Test Method for Microscopical Characterisation of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete: Equipment and Methodology. Materials. 2018; 11 (9):1515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; José J. Conchillo; Jaime Galvez; María J. Casati. 2018. "Macro Photography as an Alternative to the Stereoscopic Microscope in the Standard Test Method for Microscopical Characterisation of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete: Equipment and Methodology." Materials 11, no. 9: 1515.

Original contribution
Published: 12 August 2018 in Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
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This paper presents a material model to reproduce crack propagation in cement‐based material specimens under mixed‐mode loading. Its numerical formulation is based on the cohesive crack model, proposed by Hillerborg, and extended for the mixed‐mode case. This model is inspired by former works by Gálvez et al but implemented for its use in a finite element code at a material level, that is to say, at an integration point level. Among its main features, the model is able to predict the crack orientation and can reproduce the fracture behaviour under mixed‐mode fracture loading. In addition, several experimental results found in the literature are properly reproduced by the model.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Galvez; David Cendón. A material model to reproduce mixed-mode fracture in concrete. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 2018, 42, 223 -238.

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, Jaime Galvez, David Cendón. A material model to reproduce mixed-mode fracture in concrete. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2018; 42 (1):223-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Galvez; David Cendón. 2018. "A material model to reproduce mixed-mode fracture in concrete." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 42, no. 1: 223-238.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in International Journal of Solids and Structures
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To reproduce the behaviour of quasibrittle materials mathematically, constitutive laws with softening are needed, which often leads to development of damage localisation bands. If a standard local formulation is used, this approach leads to a pathological mesh dependence, which can be eliminated by making use of alternative nonlocal formulations. The aim of this paper is to assess the localisation properties of damage models under pure bending using different nonlocal formulations; to permit a partially analytical treatment, the idealised case of pure bending is studied. Under these conditions, the localisation process starts at the tensile face of the beam, which belongs to the boundary of the domain on which the problem is solved. Consequently, localisation patterns are affected by the boundary treatment as well as other parameters, such as the characteristic length that defines the area contributing to the nonlocal averaging. This paper presents an analytical study of the onset of localisation of different nonlocal formulations for a beam under pure bending. In addition to it, the subsequent evolution of the localised solution is explored by numerical simulations, analysing the localisation bands spacing, the dissipated energy profile along the fracture plane and the Moment-ϕL diagrams, with ϕL being a parameter that represents the rotation that drives the loading process (ϕ stands for the relative rotation angle of the cross section and L for the beam length). An analysis of damage localisation on longer beams where damage localises in several areas is also carried out and, finally, the damage localisation due to shrinkage is studied as a more realistic example of the problem addressed here.

ACS Style

F. Suárez. On the localisation of damage under pure bending using a nonlocal approach. International Journal of Solids and Structures 2018, 141-142, 45 -59.

AMA Style

F. Suárez. On the localisation of damage under pure bending using a nonlocal approach. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2018; 141-142 ():45-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Suárez. 2018. "On the localisation of damage under pure bending using a nonlocal approach." International Journal of Solids and Structures 141-142, no. : 45-59.

Review
Published: 09 March 2018 in Metals
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Steel is one of the most widely used materials in construction. Nucleation growth and coalescence theory is usually employed to explain the fracture process in ductile materials, such as many metals. The typical cup–cone fracture pattern has been extensively studied in the past, giving rise to numerical models able to reproduce this pattern. Nevertheless, some steels, such as the eutectoid steel used for manufacturing prestressing wires, does not show this specific shape but a flat surface with a dark region in the centre of the fracture area. Recent studies have deepened the knowledge on these distinct fracture patterns, shedding light on some aspects that help to understand how damage begins and propagates in each case. The numerical modelling of both fracture patterns have also been discussed and reproduced with different approaches. This work reviews the main recent advances in the knowledge on this subject, particularly focusing on the experimental work carried out by the authors.

ACS Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Galvez; David A. Cendón; José M. Atienza. Distinct Fracture Patterns in Construction Steels for Reinforced Concrete under Quasistatic Loading— A Review. Metals 2018, 8, 171 .

AMA Style

Fernando Suárez, Jaime Galvez, David A. Cendón, José M. Atienza. Distinct Fracture Patterns in Construction Steels for Reinforced Concrete under Quasistatic Loading— A Review. Metals. 2018; 8 (3):171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Suárez; Jaime Galvez; David A. Cendón; José M. Atienza. 2018. "Distinct Fracture Patterns in Construction Steels for Reinforced Concrete under Quasistatic Loading— A Review." Metals 8, no. 3: 171.