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The size effect on plain concrete specimens is well known and can be correctly captured when performing numerical simulations by using a well characterised softening function. Nevertheless, in the case of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC), this is not directly applicable, since using only diagram cannot capture the material behaviour on elements with different sizes due to dependence of the orientation factor of the fibres with the size of the specimen. In previous works, the use of a trilinear softening diagram proved to be very convenient for reproducing fracture of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete elements, but only if it is previously adapted for each specimen size. In this work, a predictive methodology is used to reproduce fracture of polyolefin-fibre-reinforced concrete specimens of different sizes under three-point bending. Fracture is reproduced by means of a well-known embedded cohesive model, with a trilinear softening function that is defined specifically for each specimen size. The fundamental points of these softening functions are defined a priori by using empirical expressions proposed in past works, based on an extensive experimental background. Therefore, the numerical results are obtained in a predictive manner and then compared with a previous experimental campaign in which PFRC notched specimens of different sizes were tested with a three-point bending test setup, showing that this approach properly captures the size effect, although some values of the fundamental points in the trilinear diagram could be defined more accurately.
Fernando Suárez; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials 2021, 14, 3795 .
AMA StyleFernando Suárez, Jaime Gálvez, Marcos Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials. 2021; 14 (14):3795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Suárez; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach." Materials 14, no. 14: 3795.
The use of glass fibre-reinforced cement (GRC) in structural elements has been limited due to the reduction in the mechanical properties of the material with aging. Chemical additions have been used to modify the cement mortar formulation in order to minimise such loss, but no conclusive results have been obtained yet. Moreover, the application of accelerated aging methods in such modified GRC formulations still poses several uncertainties. An experimental campaign seeking to assess the reduction in the fracture energy of two GRCs manufactured with modified matrixes after five years of exposure to natural environment was performed. Furthermore, a comparison with results from the literature that used accelerated aging methods was performed. The results show that the use of the chemical additives might be capable of maintaining to a notable extent the mechanical properties of GRC after five years of natural aging. Regarding the accelerated aging method by means of immersion in hot water tanks, it seemed that the equivalences applied in previous research accurately match the degradation of the material after natural exposure to weather. Additionally, a digital image correlation analysis showed that aged GRCs seemed to distribute damage in a smaller area than young GRCs.
Alejandro Enfedaque; Marcos Alberti; Jaime Gálvez; Shou Mengie. Influence of Natural Weather Conditions in the Long-Term Fracture Energy of Glass Fibre Reinforced Cement (GRC) Modified with Chemical Additions. Materials 2021, 14, 3355 .
AMA StyleAlejandro Enfedaque, Marcos Alberti, Jaime Gálvez, Shou Mengie. Influence of Natural Weather Conditions in the Long-Term Fracture Energy of Glass Fibre Reinforced Cement (GRC) Modified with Chemical Additions. Materials. 2021; 14 (12):3355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Enfedaque; Marcos Alberti; Jaime Gálvez; Shou Mengie. 2021. "Influence of Natural Weather Conditions in the Long-Term Fracture Energy of Glass Fibre Reinforced Cement (GRC) Modified with Chemical Additions." Materials 14, no. 12: 3355.
This paper describes the packing models that are fundamental for the design of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and their evolution. They are divided into two large groups: continuous and discrete models. The latter are those that provide the best method for achieving an adequate simulation of the packing of the particles up to nanometric size. This includes the interaction among the particles by means of loosening and wall coefficients, allowing a simulation of the virtual and real compactness of such particles. In addition, a relationship between virtual and real compactness is obtained through the compaction index, which may simulate the energy of compaction so that the particles are placed in the mold. The use of last-generation additives allows such models to be implemented with water–cement (w/c) ratios close to 0.18. However, the premise of maximum packing as a basic pillar for the production of UHPC should not be the only one. The cement hydration process affected by nanoadditives and the ensuing effectiveness of the properties in both fresh and hardened states according to the respective percentages in the mixture should also be studied. The characterization tests of the aggregates and additions (dry and wet compactness, granulometry, density and absorption) have been carried out in order to implement them numerically in the polydisperse packing model to obtain the compactness of the mixture. Establishing fixed percentages of nanoadditives in the calculation of the mixture’s compactness. The adequate ratio and proportion of these additions can lead to better results even at lower levels of compactness. The compressive strength values obtained at seven days are directly proportional to the calculated compactness. However, at the age of 28 days, better results were obtained in mixes with lower cement contents, fewer additions and lower compactness. Thus, mixes with lower cement contents and additions (silica fume and limestone filler) with a compactness of φ = 0.775 reached 80.1 MPa of strength at 7 days, which is lower than mixes with higher cement contents and number of additions (SF, limestone filler and nanosilica), which achieved a compactness of φ = 0.789 and 93.7 MPa for compressive strength. However, at 28 days the result was reversed with compressive strengths of 124.6 and 121.7 MPa, respectively.
Jesús Díaz; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packing Models in Combination with Nanoadditives. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1414 .
AMA StyleJesús Díaz, Jaime Gálvez, Marcos Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packing Models in Combination with Nanoadditives. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (6):1414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Díaz; Jaime Gálvez; Marcos Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packing Models in Combination with Nanoadditives." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6: 1414.
New technologies regarding construction, materials and facility management have led to the successful implementation of smart and more sustainable buildings. This is of special interest for the management of large and complex public buildings. However, most of these types of buildings were built in Europe during the previous century, when those technologies were still a matter of research. The appearance of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the combined use of it with other advances in Facility Management (FM) as well as Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and others, has opened the door to the possible transformation of such type of buildings into more efficient smart buildings without very large investments. In this study, this was studied thoroughly. In addition, the advantages and possibilities were assessed on a case study performed in the Civil Engineering School at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid built in 1969. The main objective of the paper was to show the details and possibilities to transform the building into a smart and more sustainable building by using BIM-FM techniques and self-designed sensors. The conclusions showed that using a three-dimensional model as the center of the management together with the connection with other applications, databases and facility management tools can transform the building into a Smart Building. In addition, the management of the system can be done from the web, nearing the information to the management staff and to the user. All advances were self-developed in order to satisfy the specific needs of the building.
Rubén Pavón; Marcos Alberti; Antonio Álvarez; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco. Use of BIM-FM to Transform Large Conventional Public Buildings into Efficient and Smart Sustainable Buildings. Energies 2021, 14, 3127 .
AMA StyleRubén Pavón, Marcos Alberti, Antonio Álvarez, Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco. Use of BIM-FM to Transform Large Conventional Public Buildings into Efficient and Smart Sustainable Buildings. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén Pavón; Marcos Alberti; Antonio Álvarez; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco. 2021. "Use of BIM-FM to Transform Large Conventional Public Buildings into Efficient and Smart Sustainable Buildings." Energies 14, no. 11: 3127.
Size effect on plain concrete specimens is well known and can be correctly captured when performing numerical simulations by using a well characterised softening function, but in the case of fibre reinforced concrete this is not directly applicable, since an only diagram cannot capture the material behaviour on elements with different size due to dependence of the orientation factor of the fibres with the size of the specimen. In previous works, the use of a trilinear softening diagram proved to be very convenient for reproducing fracture of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete elements, but only if it is previously adapted for each specimen size. In this work, a predictive methodology is used to reproduce fracture of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete specimens of different sizes under three-point bending. Fracture is reproduced by means of a well known embedded cohesive model, with a trilinear softening function that is defined specifically for each specimen size. The fundamental points of these softening functions are defined a priori by using empirical expressions proposed in past works, based on an extensive experimental background. Therefore, the numerical results are obtained in a predictive manner, and then compared with a previous experimental campaign, showing that this approach properly captures the size effect, although some values of the fundamental points in the trilinear diagram could be defined more accurately.
Fernando Suárez; Jaime C Gálvez; Marcos G Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFernando Suárez, Jaime C Gálvez, Marcos G Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Suárez; Jaime C Gálvez; Marcos G Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Fracture and size effect of PFRC specimens simulated by using a trilinear softening diagram: a predictive approach." , no. : 1.
The classroom closure during the first semester of 2020 entailed decisive changes in higher education. Universities have become more digital in both the availability of e-resources and pervasive devices and how students communicate with lecturers and classmates. Learners adapted their study habits with a growing role of self-paced, internet-based strategies. Some flipped learning approaches have proven their efficacy under the remote-teaching physical constraints. This study aimed to appraise the outcomes from the implementation of various web-based, learning-aid tools on flipped teaching approaches in engineering modules. The open educational resources (OER) performed satisfactorily during the lockdown period in three universities from two countries with similar higher education models. Such resources encompassed classroom response systems and web-based exercise repositories, designed for diverse purposes such as autonomous learning, self-correction, flipped classroom, peer assessment, and guided study. The acquired experiences reveal that OER helped students to enhance their engagement, reach the deeper levels of the cone of learning, and widen their range of learning abilities. This procedure is easily attainable for architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) courses and lifelong learning settings. Feedback from students, instructors’ perceptions, and learning outcomes show the suitability and effectiveness of the web-based learning assistant procedure presented here.
Juan Mosquera Feijóo; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Marcos Alberti. Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 211 .
AMA StyleJuan Mosquera Feijóo, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Marcos Alberti. Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Mosquera Feijóo; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Marcos Alberti. 2021. "Some Web-Based Experiences from Flipped Classroom Techniques in AEC Modules during the COVID-19 Lockdown." Education Sciences 11, no. 5: 211.
The most significant structural concrete codes consider the shear contribution of fibres in structural design when using fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) if certain requirements are met. However, instead of obtaining such a contribution based on the results of shear tests, the structural codes establish that the parameters used in the structural design be obtained from bending tests. In order to assess the accuracy of such an approach, this study analyses the shear contributions of fibres in FRC by means of shear push-off tests. The influence of two of the most common structural fibres is examined: hooked-end steel and polyolefin fibres. The paper includes the description of the experimental campaign and the push-off tests. In addition, the analysis of the cracking patterns by means of digital image correlation (DIC) is also included. The experimental results are compared with a shear crack opening behaviour model. The significance of the research relies in the comparison of the shear residual capacity of the concrete reinforced with two main types of structural fibres, the cracking patterns and suitability of the shear-friction theory for reproducing the opening-sliding of the crack under push-off testing of FRC.
A. Picazo; M.G. Alberti; J.C. Gálvez; A. Enfedaque. Shear slip post-cracking behaviour of polyolefin and steel fibre reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 290, 123187 .
AMA StyleA. Picazo, M.G. Alberti, J.C. Gálvez, A. Enfedaque. Shear slip post-cracking behaviour of polyolefin and steel fibre reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 290 ():123187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Picazo; M.G. Alberti; J.C. Gálvez; A. Enfedaque. 2021. "Shear slip post-cracking behaviour of polyolefin and steel fibre reinforced concrete." Construction and Building Materials 290, no. : 123187.
Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo; Fernando Suárez Guerra; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco; Marcos García Alberti. UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB. Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação 2021, 76 -87.
AMA StyleJuan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo, Fernando Suárez Guerra, Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco, Marcos García Alberti. UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB. Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação. 2021; ():76-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo; Fernando Suárez Guerra; Isabel Del Rosario Chiyón Carrasco; Marcos García Alberti. 2021. "UN MODELO PARA APRENDIZAJE AUTÓNOMO DE PROBLEMAS ELUSIVOS DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS WEB." Educação e Ensino na Era da Informação , no. : 76-87.
As a consequence of the global health emergency in early 2020, universities had to tackle a sudden shift in their teaching–learning strategies so that the preset competences could be fulfilled. This study presents the learning outcomes of the implemented tasks, student experiences, and feedback, as well as some reflections from the instructors with a holistic perspective of the courses due to the adopted measures and adaptations. Six courses taught at civil engineering degrees of three universities, two from Spain and one from Peru, were analyzed. The teaching and evaluation strategies are described, and some reflections are made by comparing the student’s performance with the previous course. Though the shift to online learning had to be made from day to day, with no time for preparation, the experience has proved that online learning can be beneficial in some aspects and has probably come to stay, although some other aspects are difficult to replace with respect to face-to-face learning, especially students’ engagement and motivation. The significance of this study relies on a description of the challenges that arose due to the global public health and an assessment of the results of the implemented strategies to account for both teaching and evaluation in modules of civil engineering. After the acquired experience, new questions have arisen, e.g., what type of content is (and what is not) adequate or suitable for online exams? What features have come to stay? Has higher education taken a step forward to tomorrow’s education?
Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 59 .
AMA StyleMarcos García-Alberti, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Juan Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Mosquera Feijoo. 2021. "Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering during the Lockdown Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic." Education Sciences 11, no. 2: 59.
Concrete has become the most common construction material, showing, among other advantages, good behaviour when subjected to high temperatures. Nevertheless, concrete is usually reinforced with elements of other materials such as steel in the form of rebars or fibres. Thus, the behaviour under high temperatures of these other materials can be critical for structural elements. In addition, concrete spalling occurs when concrete is subjected to high temperature due to internal pressures. Micro polypropylene fibres (PP) have shown to be effective for reducing such spalling, although this type of fibres barely improves any of the mechanical properties of the element. Hence, a combination of PP with steel rebars or fibres can be effective for the structural design of elements exposed to high temperatures. New polyolefin fibres (PF) have become an alternative to steel fibres. PF meet the requirements of the standards to consider the contributions of the fibres in the structural design. However, there is a lack of evidence about the behaviour of PF and elements made of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) subjected to high temperatures. Given that these polymer fibres would be melt above 250 °C, the behaviour in the intermediate temperatures was assessed in this study. Uni-axial tests on individual fibres and three-point bending tests of PFRC specimens were performed. The results have shown that the residual load-bearing capacity of the material is gradually lost up to 200 °C, though the PFRC showed structural performance up to 185 °C.
Marcos Alberti; Jaime Gálvez; Alejandro Enfedaque; Ramiro Castellanos. Influence of High Temperature on the Fracture Properties of Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete. Materials 2021, 14, 601 .
AMA StyleMarcos Alberti, Jaime Gálvez, Alejandro Enfedaque, Ramiro Castellanos. Influence of High Temperature on the Fracture Properties of Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Alberti; Jaime Gálvez; Alejandro Enfedaque; Ramiro Castellanos. 2021. "Influence of High Temperature on the Fracture Properties of Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Materials 14, no. 3: 601.
This paper describes the packaging models that are fundamental for the design of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), and their evolution. They are divided into two large groups: continuous and discrete models. The latter are those that provide the best answer in obtaining an adequate simulation of the packing of the particles up to nanometric size. This includes the interaction among the particles by means of loosening and wall coefficients, allowing a simulation of the virtual and real compactness of such particles. In addition, a relationship between virtual and real compactness is obtained, through the compaction index, which may simulate the energy of compaction that the particles undergo in their placement in the mold. The use of last-generation additives allows such models to be implemented with water-cement (w/c) ratios close to 0.18. However, the premise of maximum packing as a basic pillar for the production of UHPC should not be the only one. The cement hydration process affected by nanoadditions and the ensuing effectiveness in the properties in both fresh and hardened state according to the respective percentages in the mixture should also be studied. An adequate ratio and proportion of these additions may lead to an obtaining of better results even with lower levels of compactness.
Jesús Díaz; Jaime C. Gálvez; Marcos G. Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packaging Models in Combination with Nanoadditions. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJesús Díaz, Jaime C. Gálvez, Marcos G. Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque. Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packaging Models in Combination with Nanoadditions. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Díaz; Jaime C. Gálvez; Marcos G. Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Achieving Ultra-High Performance Concrete by Using Packaging Models in Combination with Nanoadditions." , no. : 1.
As a consequence of the global sanitary crisis in early 2020, universities had to tackle with a sudden shift in their teaching-learning strategies so that the preset competences could be fulfilled. This study presents the learning outcomes of the tasks implemented, student experiences and feedback, as well as some reflections from the instructors with a holistic perspective of the courses due to the measures and adaptations adopted. Six courses taught at Civil Engineering degrees of three universities, two from Spain and one from Peru, are analyzed. The teaching and evaluation strategies are described and some reflections are made by comparing the student’s performance with the previous course. Although the shift to online learning had to be made from day to day, with no time for preparation, the experience has proved that online learning can be beneficial in some aspects and have probably come to stay, although some others are difficult to replace with respect to face-to-face learning, especially students’ engagement and motivation.
Marcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMarcos García-Alberti, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos García-Alberti; Fernando Suárez; Isabel Chiyón; Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo. 2021. "Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis." , no. : 1.
The COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 49.7 million reported cases and over 1.2 million deaths globally confirmed deaths at the time of writing, demands global action to counteract this virus. It is widely accepted that COVID-19 is a long-term pandemic that will require a constant and innovative range of mitigation approaches to protect public health. This paper provides infrastructure facility management (FM) systems based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) to reduce the likelihood of COVID-19 infections indoors. Although there are several factors for dealing with COVID-19, the sole focus of this project is to reduce crowding and facilitate social distancing between occupants. The significance of this research relies on the use of mathematical methods, BIM, programming as well as FM tools and databases to achieve safer management of large and populated public buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The infrastructure management example refers to the Civil Engineering School at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. It is based on mathematical applications to find the paths of people paths inside the infrastructure and is synchronized with in-house developed software and the Internet domain as source and input data.
Rubén Pavón; Antonio Alvarez; Marcos Alberti. Possibilities of BIM-FM for the Management of COVID in Public Buildings. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9974 .
AMA StyleRubén Pavón, Antonio Alvarez, Marcos Alberti. Possibilities of BIM-FM for the Management of COVID in Public Buildings. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén Pavón; Antonio Alvarez; Marcos Alberti. 2020. "Possibilities of BIM-FM for the Management of COVID in Public Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9974.
The aim of this paper was to provide a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based management system for the Civil Engineering School (ETSICCP) at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid with a long-term development perspective. A Building Information Modeling (BIM) management system for complex infrastructure facilities demands a detailed 3-Dimensional model according to future management requirements. In this study, the infrastructure of the ETSICCP was modeled on various phases and synchronized with not only external educational information but also with facility management (FM) parameters. The methodology followed in this study ranges from the blank paper to a BIM-based detailed FM system oriented to educational scheduling throughout the infrastructure providing real time information synchronized with spreadsheets and a 3-D model. The result of this paper provides multiples future management lines, like COVID-19 BIM-management or synchronization with local public transports’ applications (mainly metro and bus transport systems), through a public accessible Application Programming Interface (API). The significance of this research relies on the generation of an information and management system, based on a BIM model of a university campus. This project was designed for all the agents involved in its operation, students, lecturers, and managers. All these agents have a level of access appropriate to their needs and functions within the institution.
Rubén Muñoz Pavón; Antonio A. Arcos Alvarez; Marcos G. Alberti. BIM-Based Educational and Facility Management of Large University Venues. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7976 .
AMA StyleRubén Muñoz Pavón, Antonio A. Arcos Alvarez, Marcos G. Alberti. BIM-Based Educational and Facility Management of Large University Venues. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):7976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén Muñoz Pavón; Antonio A. Arcos Alvarez; Marcos G. Alberti. 2020. "BIM-Based Educational and Facility Management of Large University Venues." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 7976.
Few published studies have dealt with the mechanisms of reinforcement of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) when it is subjected to shear stresses. Possibilities for noticeable improvements and steel rebars reduction have been reported although additional research is needed in order to determine and quantify the shear resisting mechanisms of FRC. The significance of this research relies on the use of several types of FRC, previously characterized under flexural tests, to perform push-off tests. The tests were complemented with digital image correlation (DIC) techniques in order to obtain displacements and crack openings that will permit the development of the shear-friction theory adapted to FRC. The experimental campaign was performed with specimens of dimensions 270 × 150 × 150 mm3. The specimens were manufactured with six types of concrete: two moderate-strength concrete matrixes with 6 and 7.5 kg/m3 of polyolefin fibres, two medium-strength concrete (vibrated and self-compacted) reinforced with 10 kg/m3 of polyolefin fibres and two steel fibre reinforced concrete types with 50 and 70 kg/m3 of steel hooked fibres. The results showed that FRC follows an analogous behaviour compared with reinforced concrete and the shear-friction theory. The relations between the displacements and the crack openings were achieved as well as deformation maps in the push-off tests.
Álvaro Picazo; Marcos G. Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque; Jaime C. Gálvez. Assessment of the Shear Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Through Numerical Modelling of Shear-Friction Theory. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 2020, 693 -702.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Picazo, Marcos G. Alberti, Alejandro Enfedaque, Jaime C. Gálvez. Assessment of the Shear Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Through Numerical Modelling of Shear-Friction Theory. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6. 2020; ():693-702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Picazo; Marcos G. Alberti; Alejandro Enfedaque; Jaime C. Gálvez. 2020. "Assessment of the Shear Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Through Numerical Modelling of Shear-Friction Theory." High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 , no. : 693-702.
In 2007, the excavation of the M-30 ring road located in Madrid and the creation of a green corridor either side of the Manzanares river brought significant change to the metropolitan area. The corridor and linear park which it provided were designed to contribute to the regeneration of the fluvial ecosystem, establish links among residents on each side of the river and promote cultural and leisure activities. This paper provides a sustainability analysis of the excavation of the M-30 (involving the socio-economic and environmental impact) 14 years after its construction. In order to show such an impact, an analysis of the area both prior to the project and after completion, as well as a hypothetical solution that uses improved materials, has been performed. This entails use of the multi-criteria decision-making model named MIVES (initials in Spanish, modelo integrado de valor para una evaluación sostenible). The MIVES method is based on the application of value functions of sustainability indicators selected by socio-economic and environmental criteria, chosen by experts. Results from analysis showed that the excavation of the M-30 considerably improved the sustainability of the area (sustainable index 3.43 and 6.26 both before and after the excavation works). However, use of improved materials in contrast with the application of conventional materials slightly improved the sustainability of the work (Sustainability Index 6.26 and 6.74, respectively, of the conventional materials).
Lucía López-De Abajo; Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes; Marcos G. Alberti; Jaime C. Gálvez; Tomás Ripa. Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río after 14 Years of Service Life. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7368 .
AMA StyleLucía López-De Abajo, Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Gálvez, Tomás Ripa. Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río after 14 Years of Service Life. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (20):7368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucía López-De Abajo; Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes; Marcos G. Alberti; Jaime C. Gálvez; Tomás Ripa. 2020. "Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río after 14 Years of Service Life." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7368.
This paper proposes binary and ternary combinations of sewage sludge ash (SSA) with fly ash (FA), marble dust (MD) and rice husk ash (RHA) as partial replacements of Portland cement in concretes with a similar dosage to that used in precast blocks, with very dry consistency. Several physical-mechanical tests were carried out on concrete specimens with curing ages of 28 and 90 days: density, water absorption, capillary water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength. The combinations of residues significantly improve the properties of the cementitious systems: 30% replacement of Portland cement provides strength values similar to the reference sample, showing the synergetic effects of the combination of the mineral additions. The significance of this research relies on the combined use of the mineral additions as well as the use of them for the precast block industry. The results show synergies among the additions and even that some of them showed relevant improvements when they are used in combination, performing better than when used individually.
Francisco Baeza-Brotons; Jordi Payá; Oscar Galao; Marcos G. Alberti; Pedro Garcés. Concrete for Precast Blocks: Binary and Ternary Combination of Sewage Sludge Ash with Diverse Mineral Residue. Materials 2020, 13, 4634 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Baeza-Brotons, Jordi Payá, Oscar Galao, Marcos G. Alberti, Pedro Garcés. Concrete for Precast Blocks: Binary and Ternary Combination of Sewage Sludge Ash with Diverse Mineral Residue. Materials. 2020; 13 (20):4634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Baeza-Brotons; Jordi Payá; Oscar Galao; Marcos G. Alberti; Pedro Garcés. 2020. "Concrete for Precast Blocks: Binary and Ternary Combination of Sewage Sludge Ash with Diverse Mineral Residue." Materials 13, no. 20: 4634.
Although there is already a great amount of scientific literature dealing with the use of building information modeling (BIM) in engineering activities, the majority refer to successful case studies using the usual methods and technology of building construction but rarely bring up the real problems for implementing BIM methodology to the field of transportation infrastructure. It must be also considered that the construction activity is only a part of the infrastructure life and the stakeholder must consider the works of enlargement, renewal, and maintenance of the infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is not only to show a mere review of the existing literature but also present a rational analysis for the use of BIM in different areas of civil engineering. For that purpose, the gathered experience in the use of BIM in civil engineering projects in the final course of Civil Engineering Master Studies in the Civil Engineering School (ETSICCP) at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid were compared with the reported literature. This way, a complete and updated information regarding tendencies, applications, and practice along with limitations and benefits can be presented. The significance of this research relies on the original insight of BIM for civil engineering applications through four case studies. Two of them were focused on construction possibilities and the other two on the possibilities in the exploitation, rehabilitation, and maintenance. The results showed that despite the lack of previous experiences, the use of BIM methodology is possible for activities such as maintenance, managing, or expansion of infrastructure by applying different specific software packages. Among the main problems needing to be addressed are the following: handling of big data files, the integration of new data non-related with the modeled object, and interchange of data without losing information. That proves the need of new more efficient techniques to overcome the challenge of the full use of BIM in the civil engineering field and obtain the mutual advantage of the co-operation of the academic and industrial worlds.
Ángela Moreno Moreno Bazán; Marcos G. Alberti; Antonio Arcos Arcos Álvarez; Jesús Alonso Trigueros. New Perspectives for BIM Usage in Transportation Infrastructure Projects. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7072 .
AMA StyleÁngela Moreno Moreno Bazán, Marcos G. Alberti, Antonio Arcos Arcos Álvarez, Jesús Alonso Trigueros. New Perspectives for BIM Usage in Transportation Infrastructure Projects. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (20):7072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngela Moreno Moreno Bazán; Marcos G. Alberti; Antonio Arcos Arcos Álvarez; Jesús Alonso Trigueros. 2020. "New Perspectives for BIM Usage in Transportation Infrastructure Projects." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7072.
In 2007, the excavation of the M-30 ring road located in Madrid and the creation of a green corridor either side of the Manzanares river brought significant change to the metropolitan area. The corridor and linear park which it provided were designed to contribute to the regeneration of the fluvial ecosystem, establish links among residents on each side of the river and promote cultural and leisure activities. This paper provides a sustainability analysis of the excavation of the M-30 (involving the socio-economic and environmental impact) 14 years after its construction. In order to show such an impact, an analysis of the area both prior to the project and after completion, as well as a hypothetical solution that uses improved materials, has been performed. This entails use of the multi-criteria decision-making model named MIVES (initials in Spanish, modelo integrado de valor para una evaluación sostenible). The MIVES method is based on the application of value functions of sustainability indicators selected by socio-economic and environmental criteria, chosen by experts. Results from analysis showed that the excavation of the M-30 considerably improved the sustainability of the area (sustainable index 3.43 and 6.26 both before and after the excavation works). However, use of improved materials in contrast with the application of conventional materials slightly improved the sustainability of the work (Sustainability Index 6.26 and 6.74, respectively, of the conventional materials).
Lucía López-De Abajo; Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes; Marcos G. Alberti; Jaime C. Gálvez; Tomás Ripa. Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río through the MIVES Method After 14 Years of Service Life. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLucía López-De Abajo, Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Gálvez, Tomás Ripa. Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río through the MIVES Method After 14 Years of Service Life. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucía López-De Abajo; Ana Patricia Pérez-Fortes; Marcos G. Alberti; Jaime C. Gálvez; Tomás Ripa. 2020. "Sustainability Analysis of the M-30 Madrid Tunnels and Madrid Río through the MIVES Method After 14 Years of Service Life." , no. : 1.
This work proposes a novel methodology for the complete characterization of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). The method includes bending tests of prismatic notched specimens, based on the Standards for FRC, tensile and pure shear tests. The values adopted by the standards for designing FRC are the obtained from bending tests, typically fR3, even for shear and pure tension loading. This paper shows that the remaining strength of FRC, supplied by the fibers, depends on the type of loading. In the case of shear and tensile loading the prescriptions of the standards may be unsafe. In this work, the remaining halves of specimens subjected to bending test are prepared and used for shear and tension tests. This means significant savings in specimen preparation and a greater amount of information for structural use of FRC. The results provide relevant information for the design of structural elements of FRC compared with the only use of data supplied by bending tests. In the case of tensile tests, fLOP values are 42% of the strength of the equivalent bending results, being 31% the average reduction in remaining resistance in comparison with the bending test. Pure shear tests showed, for 0.5 mm shear displacement, that the shear resistance is greater than 160% of that expressed according to bending tests. In addition, a video-extensometry system was used to analyze the crack generation and cracking patterns. The video-extensometry applied to shear tests allowed the assessment of the sliding values and crack opening values at the crack discontinuity. These values may be quite relevant for the study of the FRC behavior when subjected to shear according to the shear-friction model theories.
Marcos Alberti; Álvaro Picazo; Jaime Gálvez; Alejandro Enfedaque. New Methodological Approach towards a Complete Characterization of Structural Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Means of Mechanical Testing Procedures. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4811 .
AMA StyleMarcos Alberti, Álvaro Picazo, Jaime Gálvez, Alejandro Enfedaque. New Methodological Approach towards a Complete Characterization of Structural Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Means of Mechanical Testing Procedures. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):4811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Alberti; Álvaro Picazo; Jaime Gálvez; Alejandro Enfedaque. 2020. "New Methodological Approach towards a Complete Characterization of Structural Fiber Reinforced Concrete by Means of Mechanical Testing Procedures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 4811.