Underground coal mining of gas-bearing coal seams is accompanied by the emission of large amounts of methane, which increases with depth. Coal seam methane is not only a major cause of major accidents in coal mines, but is also a greenhouse gas that has a significant negative impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. Analysis of the efficiency of underground coal mining suggests that as the depth of mining increases, the productivity of a longwall decreases by a factor of 3–5 or more, while the specific volume of methane emitted increases manifold and the efficiency of methane management decreases. Effective management of coal seam methane can only be achieved by monitoring its content at key points in a system of workings. Monitoring of methane not only eliminates the risk of explosions, but also lets us assess the effectiveness of using methane management techniques and their parameters to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of methane management (including a methane drainage) for ensuring sustainable underground coal mining. The aim of this article is to develop a software and hardware complex for monitoring methane in a coal mine by creating a simulation model for monitoring methane. The Arduino Uno board and the methane sensor MQ-4 were used for this purpose. In this article, the causes of methane emissions in coal mines, gas control systems, the structure of the mine monitoring system, and the causes of risks and occurrence of accidents in coal mines are considered. As a result of the work, the mathematical model of the methane measurement sensor was developed; the Arduino Uno board developed a simulation system for methane monitoring; and the numerical results of the research are presented in the graphs.

Sustainable development is an integral part of the modern world. However, sustainable development is impossible without rational, environmentally and economically efficient use of resources. In the process of construction and operation of underground structures (mines, subway stations, subway parking lots, etc.) there are many factors that cannot be taken into account at the design stage. These factors have a negative impact on the durability of use, economic profitability of operation, etc. In this paper, the authors used the theory of system analysis to form and optimize the factors affecting underground structures. They identify the relevant regularities and interrelationships. They determine the list of the most important factors based on the peculiarities of a particular object of study. They build a conceptual and then a mathematical model. In the practical part of the study, the authors model the temperature field formed in a horizontal mine. They compared the obtained results with the modeling results presented by others and showed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. A distinctive feature of this work is the proposed methodology for assessing the factors affecting sustainable development. This methodology is universal and can be applied to assess the sustainable development of any management object.

The article substantiates the possibility of creating an intelligent natural gas production control system. Such a system with the help of fuzzy controller would allow changing the parameters of the distributed high-precision reservoir pressure controller. For this purpose, modeling of the reservoir pressure monitoring system in the bottomhole formation zones and analysis of the parameters affecting gas production are carried out.

The use of forest resources in the context of globalized markets and implementing new technologies, enhanced competition and increasing environmental restrictions require reliable information. The method of aerial laser scanning opens up great prospects for the state inventory of forests. It is successfully used in many sectors of the economy, but it has not been worked out for state forest inventory. The purpose of the study is assessing the possibility of using aerial laser scanning within the framework of current regulations. The object of the study is a forest area of 11 840 hectares in the Leningrad region. The results of aerial laser scanning are combined with the data of ground-based taxation. It is established that deviations in the accuracy of determining the composition, density, average height and diameter, stand and wood stock are within the limits of permissible standards. It is shown that due to the sufficient accuracy of aerial laser scanning, it can be used effectively at conducting a state forest inventory.

This study presents the development of a conceptual model for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) information and control system (ICS) tailored for the mineral and raw materials complex (MRMC). To address the challenges of underwater mineral exploration, such as harsh conditions, high costs, and personnel risks, a comprehensive model was designed. This model was built using correlation analysis and expert evaluations to identify critical parameters affecting AUV efficiency and reliability. Key elements, including pressure resistance, communication stability, energy efficiency, and maneuverability, were prioritized. The results indicate that enhancing these elements can significantly improve AUV performance in deep-sea environments. The proposed model optimizes the ICS, providing a foundation for designing advanced AUVs capable of efficiently executing complex underwater tasks. By integrating these innovations, the model aims to boost operational productivity, ensure safety, and open new avenues for mineral resource exploration. This study’s findings highlight the importance of focusing on critical AUV parameters for developing effective and reliable solutions, thus addressing the pressing needs of the MRMC while promoting sustainable resource management.

Modern industrial methods of producing hydrogen almost exclusively use fossil fuels, like natural gas, crude oil or coal, as raw materials. Methods such as steam reforming or partial steam oxidation to produce hydrogen from fossil hydrocarbons. This process chemically separates the carbon which is then converted to carbon monoxide (CO). These methods of hydrogen extraction are not ideal to actively protect the climate. There is currently a certain shortage of hydrogen in any refinery, so an additional source of hydrogen needed to stabilize the process. The work presents the results of simulating the processes in the homogeneous zone of the mixer and simulating the process of converting methane in the catalyst bed of the mine reactor using natural gas to produce hydrogen.