UAVs have been contributing substantially to multi-disciplinary research and around 70% of the articles have been published in just about the last five years, with an exponential increase. Primarily, while exploring the literature from the scientific databases for various aspects within the autonomous UAV path planning, such as type and configuration of UAVs, the complexity of their environments or workspaces, choices of path generating algorithms, nature of solutions and efficacy of the generated paths, necessitates an increased number of search keywords as a prerequisite. However, the addition of more and more keywords might as well curtail some conducive and worthwhile search results in the same pursuit. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) for 20 useful parameters, organized into six distinct categories that researchers and industry practitioners usually consider. In this work, Web of Science (WOS) was selected to search the primary studies based on three keywords: “Autonomous” + “Path Planning” + “UAV” and following the exclusion and inclusion criteria defined within the SLR methodology, 90 primary studies were considered. Through literature synthesis, a unique perspective to see through the literature is established in terms of characteristic research sectors for UAVs. Moreover, open research challenges from recent studies and state-of-the-art contributions to address them were highlighted. It was also discovered that the autonomy of UAVs and the extent of their mission complexities go hand-in-hand, and the benchmark to define a fully autonomous UAV is an arbitral goal yet to be achieved. To further this quest, the study cites two key models to measure a drone’s autonomy and offers a novel complexity matrix to measure the extent of a drone’s autonomy. Additionally, since preliminary-level researchers often look for technical means to assess their ideas, the technologies used in academic research are also tabulated with references.

Nature being so nonlinear provides substantial reasoning to study the nonlinear dynamics inherited by the systems. Almost all of the systems that exist are nonlinear and analysis of such type of systems is necessary to understand a certain phenomenon. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of a coupled van der Pol's oscillator with the study of limit cycles. In order to get an approximate analytical solution of coupled van der Pol's (CVDP) oscillator system, a well-known perturbation technique, Method of Multiple Scales (MMS), is used. Stability and periodic construction of the van der Pol's system is examined by means of Floquet Multipliers and Shooting Method. Eigenvalues of Monodromy Matrix, a by-product of shooting method, are analysed to distinguish between hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic solutions of the system.

We are going to design and simulate low power fractional-N phase-locked loop (FNPLL) frequency synthesizer for industrial application, which is based on VLSI. The design of FNPLL has been optimized using different VLSI techniques to acquire significant performance in terms of speed with relatively less power consumption. One of the major contributions in optimization is contributed by the loop filter as it limits the switching time between cycles. Sigma-delta modulator attenuates the noise generated by the loop filter. This paper presents the implementation details and simulation results of all the blocks of optimized design.

Time domain passivity control, a well known control scheme widely used for teleoperation systems, normally works under the constraint of zero division. Small force or velocity signals can cause the occurrence of zero division which ultimately leads the system to be unstable. This paper presents a novel switching time domain passivity control scheme for multilateral teleoperation systems which not only ensures the stability of the system but also avoids zero division. In contrast to bilateral teleoperation systems, the multilateral teleoperation system is much more complex as it involves increased number of master and slave hardware, multiple operators and transmission of multiple signals over the communication network. A new framework for the communication channel has been proposed which incorporates the use of weighting coefficients to give the masters and slaves authority depending upon the requirements of the operation. As the switching time domain passivity control keeps the system passive all the time, the stability is guaranteed. The proposed control scheme is valid for n masters and n slaves. Simulations with two masters and two slaves are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Human over IP (HoIP) is a prototype implementation of a revolutionary idea of using IP as Human Identification globally, which will not only keep the individuality but will also govern all the communication. This paper not only represents the idea but also elaborate the successfully implemented model. HoIP gives the concept of one IP one human. It provides state organizations with some special privileges so that they can perform efficiently. The system gives the concept of Central Unique Database, and then providing different departments with the only information needed. So the different level of information has been introduced to provide the organizations with the data of their need only, nothing more or less. For security point of view, the data for every part is stored in encrypted form and decryption is performed while retrieving the data from server. Along with the encryption every part is password protected. Administrative unit is the power control of the system. This unit can modify the privileges of any HoIP Licensee such as 1œDisable all privileges1, 1œEnable all privileges1 and to disable or enable some part. The reason for selecting IPv6 is not only to increase the efficiency but the numbers also as its pool is enough to cover the world population. The idea holds potential to leapfrog all the current human identification databases. Applications of this philosophy are beyond our imagination.