A novel approach in terrain following/terrain avoidance (TF/TA) flight is proposed. Due to existing unknown terrain during flight, an intelligent approach is used. Intelligence is implemented using the fuzzy approach. This method can be used in off-line design in trajectory planning which has wide applications in TF/TA maneuvers in unmanned aerial vehicles. A relationship between slope of terrain and aircraft height with speed of aircraft is constructed by fuzzy approach. This work is performed for a two dimensional terrain following flight. This method is state of the art in literature.

Optimal scheduling of runway operations plays an important role in improving safety and efficiency of any congested airspace. The objective of scheduling is runway assignment and computing arrival times that minimize delays and maximize runway throughput. Currently, methods for runway scheduling are categorized into first-come-first-serve (FCFS) and constrained position shifting (CPS). In this work, we describe a new algorithm for real time scheduling for single as well as multiple parallel runway scheduling. The new approach is comparable to FCFS algorithms in accommodating practical issues while enjoying optimality similar to that of CPS methods. Different case studies show that the new approach could effectively improve a FCFS algorithm by 5 to 16 percent.