Increased intestinal and blood-brain barriers (BBB) permeability has been suggested to have a role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Claudin-5, claudin-11, occludin, β-catenin, vinculin, and paxil...

Children with autism spectrum disorder frequently exhibit inappropriate sexual behaviors, such as excessive masturbation. However, research on the control and management of excessive masturbation in these children is very limited. In this presentation, excessive masturbation that responded to treatment with methylphenidate is described in a young boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, for which there are several different treatment options. Among the suggested medications, methylphenidate (a central nervous system stimulant) is the first option in the treatment of ADHD. Psychostimulants are associated with various vascular problems including peripheral vasculopathy. This report describes two patients with ADHD who developed Raynaud's phenomenon during the modified-release methylphenidate treatment.