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This study aimed to compare the cognitive performance and event-related potential (ERP) patterns between females who have given birth (parous) and those who have not (nulliparous). A total of 50 female participants, including 27 who were parous (33.2 ± 3.2 years) and 23 who were nulliparous (30.8 ± 2.3 years), were recruited. Only parous females who were ≤36 months postpartum (17.7 ± 8.1 months) were included. To compare the cognitive performance between the two groups, we presented the 3-back task (a working memory task) and compared the accuracy rate (%) and reaction time (ms) between the groups. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were simultaneously recorded and the ERP patterns at Fz, Cz, and Pz, which are highly associated with the 3-back task, were analyzed. From the ERP patterns, we extracted N100, P300, P600, P300 peak-to-peak (P300p_p), and P600 peak-to-peak (P600p_p). There were no significant between-group differences in terms of accuracy rate, reaction time, or ERP components (N100, P300, P600, P300p_p, or P600p_p) at the three sites (Fz, Cz, and Pz). Since this study, using meaningful objective data, did not show that parity was significantly correlated with cognitive performance ability and ERP patterns, childbirth does not appear to influence cognitive decline.
Mi-Hyun Choi; Jin-Ju Jung; Je-Hyeop Lee; Soon-Cheol Chung; Hyun-Kyung Park; Hyun-Jun Kim. Effect of Childbirth Experience on Cognitive Performance and Event-Related Potential Patterns. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3233 .
AMA StyleMi-Hyun Choi, Jin-Ju Jung, Je-Hyeop Lee, Soon-Cheol Chung, Hyun-Kyung Park, Hyun-Jun Kim. Effect of Childbirth Experience on Cognitive Performance and Event-Related Potential Patterns. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMi-Hyun Choi; Jin-Ju Jung; Je-Hyeop Lee; Soon-Cheol Chung; Hyun-Kyung Park; Hyun-Jun Kim. 2021. "Effect of Childbirth Experience on Cognitive Performance and Event-Related Potential Patterns." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3233.
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of trace metals in the blood of the general Korean population. A total of 258 healthy individuals, according to their regular medical check-ups, (119 males and 139 females, age ranging from 12 to 78 years old) were enrolled from December 2014 to December 2016. Levels of 10 trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The geometric mean (GM) levels for lead, arsenic, cesium, mercury, aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc were 15.97 μg/L, 7.19 μg/L, 2.39 μg/L, 3.41 μg/L, 10.57 μg/L, 0.78 μg/L, 979.8 μg/L, 11.06 μg/L, 111.37 μg/L, and 872.7 μg/L, respectively. There were significant gender-related differences in the levels of several metals; male individuals had higher Pb, As, Cs, Hg, and Se than females, while females had higher Cd, Cu, and Mn than males. We noticed remarkably high blood levels of Hg, As and Al in the Korean population. The element concentrations reported represent a new contribution to the knowledge of the blood chemistry for the Korea population. The data can be used to assess the clinical health of this population.
Hyun-Jun Kim; Hwan-Sub Lim; Kyoung-Ryul Lee; Mi-Hyun Choi; Nam Mi Kang; Chang Hoon Lee; Eun-Jung Oh; Hyun-Kyung Park. Determination of Trace Metal Levels in the General Population of Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 702 .
AMA StyleHyun-Jun Kim, Hwan-Sub Lim, Kyoung-Ryul Lee, Mi-Hyun Choi, Nam Mi Kang, Chang Hoon Lee, Eun-Jung Oh, Hyun-Kyung Park. Determination of Trace Metal Levels in the General Population of Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyun-Jun Kim; Hwan-Sub Lim; Kyoung-Ryul Lee; Mi-Hyun Choi; Nam Mi Kang; Chang Hoon Lee; Eun-Jung Oh; Hyun-Kyung Park. 2017. "Determination of Trace Metal Levels in the General Population of Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 702.