Background: Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at risk of transmitting the lethal COVID-19 virus globally and increasing its prevalence. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among HCPs in the Asir region for the first time. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis with 491 healthcare professionals was tested using a pre-tested questionnaire in a tertiary care facility. The association between research variables and questions was determined using Chi-square tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Pharmacists and other HCPs exhibited good knowledge, a positive attitude, and a negative practice pattern regarding COVID-19. There was a strong association between knowledge and attitude (correlation coefficient: 0.17; p < 0.001). However, healthcare practitioners had a suboptimal practice score of 2.09 ± 0.62 regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: This study discovered that despite relatively insufficient practices for adherence to recommended techniques regarding COVID-19 prevention during the outbreak, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals have a high level of awareness and a positive attitude towards COVID-19 as a medical condition. There is a need for more involved HCPs, improved COVID-19 management training, and approaches to make healthcare providers feel less anxious.

Background: Fasting during Ramadan causes challenges for diabetes treatment, necessitating tailored counseling and adjustments for medication. Community pharmacists play a vital role in enhancing fasting safety, although their readiness has not been well investigated in southern Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding diabetes management during Ramadan in the Aseer Region, and to identify perceived barriers and the need for additional training. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from February to May 2025 with 301 licensed community pharmacists in the Aseer Region. Participants were recruited through professional pharmacy social media platforms and pharmacy communication groups commonly used within the region. Data were collected utilizing a previously validated self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS v26, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Inferential findings were interpreted cautiously as subgroup comparisons. Results: A total of 301 pharmacists participated. Knowledge of key safety measures during fasting was high, with 91.7% correctly identifying the blood glucose threshold (<60 mg/dL) requiring termination of fasting. Correct recognition of high-risk patients who should avoid fasting was reported for patients with recurrent hypoglycemia (88.7%) and elderly or unwell patients (87.4%). Knowledge related to medication regimen adjustment was lower, particularly in insulin dose modification, where 71.1% provided correct responses. In practice, more than 80% counseled patients on blood glucose monitoring and meal planning, while 63.8% addressed physical activity adjustments, and 68.1% counseled on medication regimen changes. The most frequently reported barriers were time constraints (85.7%), lack of updated training (84.7%), and inadequate counseling privacy (79.8%). Prior training was associated with higher knowledge and practice scores (p = 0.001). Pharmacists who attended training workshops demonstrated higher mean knowledge and practice scores than untrained pharmacists. Conclusion: Community pharmacists in the Aseer Region demonstrated generally adequate knowledge and positive attitudes regarding diabetes management during Ramadan, particularly in fasting-safety counseling and patient education. However, important gaps remained in advanced medication regimen adjustment practices, especially insulin dose modification, as well as participation in structured public education activities. Continuing professional development programs focused on Ramadan-specific diabetes management and interprofessional collaboration may improve pharmacist-led diabetes care during Ramadan.

The detection of Indole (IND) is crucial due to its biological and environmental significance. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations to investigate the adsorption behavior, electronic structure modifications, and sensing performance of pristine coronene (CRN) versus aluminum-doped (Al-CRN) and zinc-doped (Zn-CRN) coronene toward IND. All calculations were performed using ωB97XD and M06-2X functionals with the 6-311G(d) basis set, incorporating CPCM solvation (water) and gas-phase models for comparative analysis. Metal doping significantly reduced the HOMO-LUMO gap from 7.34 eV (CRN) to 6.00 eV (Al–CRN) and 4.95 eV (Zn-CRN), enhanced electron-accepting capability, and increased chemical softness. The adsorption energies followed the following order: CRN@IND (– 11.47 kcal/mol) < Al-CRN@IND (– 42.10 kcal/mol) < Zn-CRN@IND (– 82.51 kcal/mol), where Zn-CRN showed a stronger interaction. QTAIM analysis revealed increased electron density at metal-N bond critical points (ρ = 0.049 a.u. for Al-N; ρ = 0.080 a.u. for Zn-N) compared to weak CRN-IND interactions (ρ ≈ 0.006–0.007 a.u.). NCI/RDG, ELF, and LOL analyses confirmed the transition from weak van der Waals forces in CRN@IND to strong dative coordination interactions in doped systems. TD-DFT analysis showed that Al-CRN, after absorbing IND, produces a significant color change from the UV region (307 nm) to the visible region (415 nm), which can allow detection with the naked eye. Electrical conductivity analysis showed that Zn-CRN exhibits significant electronic disorder after IND binding, which can be considered for further investigation as an electrochemical sensor in the future. The calculated recovery times indicate effectively irreversible adsorption on doped surfaces, positioning these materials as promising candidates for single-use sensing, irreversible capture, and analyte removal applications rather than reusable sensors. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of CRN-based nanomaterials for IND detection and environmental remediation.