(1) Background: The Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (laurel) natural regeneration management is a widespread practice among smallholders in the Amazon upper basin for the establishment of traditional agroforestry systems. This tree management approach is opposite to the development project proposals that contemplate reforestation with nursery seedlings in the Amazon region. The present study evaluated the effects of thinning levels on the diameter and basal area increment of laurel in a traditional agroforestry system; (2) Methods: A randomized complete block design with three replications was used, and the target variables were the growth rate of diameter at breast height (DBH) and the basal area of trees. Twelve square field plots, 400 m² each, were established in a plot network covering a 1.0 km × 0.5 km area. Three thinning levels were applied: light, moderate, and intensive thinning; (3) Results: The traditional agroforestry system investigated was characterized by a marginal growth of laurel trees, with an average yield of 125.26 m³ ha⁻¹ (±15.39) and MAI of 13.92 m³ ha⁻¹ at 9 years of age with a tree density of 418 trees ha⁻¹. The average value of the relation between the number of trees and the basal area removed (NG value) was 1.15, with small variation among plots, so all of them were thinned from below. The intensive thinning treatment, leaving 200 trees ha⁻¹, caused the greatest annual increase in individual tree DBH (2.03 cm) and basal area (61.37 cm²) in both absolute and relative terms and improved tree height/diameter ratio; (4) Conclusions: Management of laurel natural regeneration for the establishment of traditional agroforestry systems could be improved by thinning at early ages, leaving 200 well-spaced laurel trees per ha.

Un parámetro fundamental en la educación es el rendimiento académico en matemáticas, lo cual depende de una serie de factores asociados al estatus socioeconómico de la familia (ESE). De tal manera que, el objetivo de la presente investigación pretendió explorar la relación entre el ESE familiar de la Unidad Educativa “Mercedes Aveiga de Zambrano”, período 2022/2023 del Distrito 13D07 y el rendimiento matemático de sus alumnos. Se llevaron estadísticas dentro la de la UE sobre el ESE familiar y se tuvo el rendimiento académico en matemáticas. Se realizó una encuesta a todos los estudiantes de la UE. Basado en: a) participación del representante en actividades y eventos escolares, (b) interés del representante en asuntos relacionados con lo que estoy estudiando en la escuela, (c) influencia del representante en la selección de cursos extracurriculares en la escuela, (d) Su representante participa en la planificación de programas escolares, e) su representante ayuda en las consultas o tareas sobre matemáticas. Existieron diferencias estadísticas entre SES familiar y la diversidad representante. Hubo una relación inversamente proporcional entre ESE familiar e involucramiento del representante en el rendimiento académico en matemáticas. Siendo este un indicador fundamental para el desarrollo del país.

Laurel (Cordia alliodora Ruiz & Pav. Oken) is a Neotropical native tree that is easily regenerated in the secondary forest within the Amazon region. Amazonian smallholders use this tree regeneration to obtain a homogeneous forest cover when developing local agroforestry systems, which do not depend on nursery seedling production for tree planting. The objective of the present investigation was to develop growth and yield models for Laurel within the local agroforestry systems. A total of 226 sampling plots were measured between 2010–2011 and 2014–2015. Chapman- Richard, Hosslfeld II, and the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) form of the Chapman-Richard’s function was used for modeling height-age and diameter-age relationships. Eight volume models were tested to describe total stem volume. The GADA method was suited to describe the Laurel height and diameter-age growth. The cutting cycle for agroforestry systems with a density of 300 trees ha⁻¹ at the best site index (SI) (22 m) produced 13.9 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and a total wood yield of 195.1 m³ ha⁻¹ at age 14. In the worst SI (14 m), the average annual yield was 3.5 m³ ha⁻¹, with a total yield of 83.3 m³ ha⁻¹ at age 24 years. The Spurr potential model was the best fit to describe the volume of the Laurel according to the Akaike information criteria. The Laurel biological (optimal) rotation age suggests that the minimum cutting diameter should be lowered from 30 cm of DBH in the research zone. Management of the natural regeneration of secondary forests by smallholders is a local agroforestry practice that should be given greater attention, especially within protected forest areas.

Centrolobium ochroxylum Rose ex Rudd, known as Amarillo Guayaquil (AG), is a tropical tree species found in secondary vegetation or the wild in the western lowland region of Ecuador (WLRE). AG has heavy (0.78 g/cm³) and durable wood, with whitish sapwood and orange-yellow heartwood, making it ideal for carpentry and construction. The International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2021 classified AG as a threatened and critically endangered tree species. However, information on the forest's growth and yield is limited. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the first provisional models of growth, yield, site index (SI), volume, and diameter at breast height (DBH) - total height (H) relationships developed for AG planted in live fences in WLRE. A total of 415 sample plots, each measuring one ha in area, were surveyed. AG trees were arranged in live fences, and UTM coordinates and planting dates were recorded. H and DBH were measured in 160 trees per plot in 2004, 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2018. To model volume, diameters were measured at different heights on randomly selected trees in 195 study sites. Cross-validation revealed that the CR-GADA model, with its three parameters, achieved a better balance between fitness and generalisability than the CR-H model. The Spurr function was found to be the best model for determining the total volume. The linear model was selected to describe the H-DBH relationship in the study region because of its stability and statistical significance. However, the model of Larson showed better overall indicators of fit. Variation of the H-DBH relationship was observed according to the SI. The maximum MAI was 14.8 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at age 26 years on the best sites, whereas, on less favorable sites, the maximum MAI was 4.4 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at age 30 years. These models are preliminary and require validation with independent samples. Future studies should include data from mature plots and conduct economic analyses on silvopastoral systems, as well as study the carbon sequestration of AG to encourage reforestation.