This paper addresses the use of nanogrid technology in resolving the issue of blanket load shedding for domestic consumers. This is accomplished by using different load management techniques and load classification and utilizing maximum solar energy. The inclusion of DC-based load in basic load and DC inverter load in regular load and scheduling of the burst load during the hours of maximum solar PV generation bring novelty in this work. The term “nanogrid” as a power structure remains ambiguous in various publications so far. An effort has been done in this paper to present a concise definition of nanogrid. Demand side load management is one of the key features of nanogrid, which enables end users to know major characteristics about their energy consumption during peak and off-peak hours. A microgrid option with nanogrid facility results in a more reliable system with overall improvement in efficiency and reduction in carbon emission. PV plants produce DC power; when used directly, the loss will automatically be minimized to 16%. The AC/DC hybrid nanogrid exhibits 63% more efficiency as compared to AC-only nanogrid and nearly 18% more efficiency as compared to DC-only nanogrid. Smart load shifting smoothens the demand curve 54% more adequately than during conventional load shifting. Simulation results show that real-time pricing is more economical than flat rate tariff for a house without DG, whereas flat rate results are more economical when DG are involved in nanogrids. 12.67%-21.46% saving is achieved if only flat rates are used for DG in nanogrid instead of real-time pricing.

Smart grid for the past few years has been the prime focus of research in power systems. The aim is to eliminate load shedding and problematic blackout conditions, further offering cheap and continuous supply of electricity for both large and small consumers. Another benefit is to integrate renewable energy resources with existing dump grid in more efficient and cost-effective manner. In past few years, growing demand for sustainable energy increases the consumption of solar PV. Since generation from solar PV is in DC and most of the appliances at home could be operated on DC, AC-DC hybrid distribution system with energy management system is proposed in this paper. EMS helps to shift or control the auxiliary load and compel the users to operate specific load at certain time slots. These techniques further help to manage the excessive load during peak and off peak hours. It demonstrates the practical implementation of DC-AC network with integration of solar PV and battery storage with existing infrastructure. The results show a remarkable improvement using hybrid AC-DC framework in terms of reliability and efficiency. All this functioning together enhances the overall efficiency; hence, a secure, economical, reliable, and intelligent system leads to a smart grid.

This research attempts to develop a smart kit that is compatible with any single-phase energy meter with features like home automation and peak load management. Power values are obtained by measuring current, voltage and power factor on the load side via CT and PT. These power values are sent to suppliers. A program-based algorithm is established to compute power quantities and power factors. This IOT meter measures all these values and uploads them to an online database. Android application is industrialized for user control and for buying credits. At the user end, load terminals are distinguished for peak load management and automatically disconnect the power load.