This paper presents the quantification, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and the flavonoid chrysoeriol isolated from different extracts (hexane and acetonitrile extracts from whole fruit, peel and seed) of Capsicum frutescens (pimenta malagueta). The acetonitrile extract of the seeds, peel and whole fruits contained capsaicin as a major component, followed in abundance by dihydrocapsaicin and chrysoeriol. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds against seven microorganisms showed chrysoeriol was the most active compound. In the antioxidant test, the acetonitrile extract from the whole fruit showed the highest activity. The antioxidant activity of pimenta malagueta may be correlated with its phenolic content, principally with the most active compound, capsaicin.

Hyptis pectinata, popularly known in Brazil as “sambacaitá” or “canudinho,” is an aromatic shrub largely grown in the northeast of Brazil. The leaves and bark are used in an infusion for the treatment of throat and skin inflammations, bacterial infections, pain, and cancer. Analogues of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids were obtained from the leaves ofHyptis pectinataand consisted of two new compounds, sambacaitaric acid (1) and 3-O-methyl-sambacaitaric acid (2), and nine known compounds, rosmarinic acid (3), 3-O-methyl-rosmarinic acid (4), ethyl caffeate (5), nepetoidin A (6), nepetoidin B (7), cirsiliol (8), circimaritin (9), 7-O-methylluteolin (10), and genkwanin (11). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds1–5, and7were evaluatedin vitroagainst the promastigote form ofL. braziliensis, and the ethanol extract. The hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fractions were also evaluated. The EtOH extract, the hexane extract, EtOAc, MeOH:H₂O fractions; and compounds1,2and4exhibited antileishmanial activity, and compound1was as potent as pentamidine. In contrast, compounds3,5, and7did not present activity against the promastigote form ofL. braziliensisbelow 100 µM. To our knowledge, compounds1and2are being described for the first time.

Chemical composition, antinociceptive and free radical-scavenging activities of geopropolis from Melipona subnitida Ducke (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit., Lamiaceae, popularly known as “sambacaitá,” is an aromatic shrub largely grown in the Brazilian northeastern. We investigated the antinociceptive effects of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the leaves of H. pectinata and of its main constituent rosmarinic acid, on formalin (2%)-, glutamate (25μM)- and capsaicin (2.5μg)-induced orofacial nociception in rodents. Male mice were pretreated with ethyl acetate fraction (100, 200 or 400mg/kg, p.o.), rosmarinic acid (10 or 20mg/kg, p.o.), morphine (5mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle (distilled water+0.2% Tween 80). Ethyl acetate fraction reduced the nociceptive face-rubbing behavior during the two phase of the formalin test, whereas pretreatment with rosmarinic acid decreased the pain behavior in the second phase. Ethyl acetate fraction produced significant antinociceptive effects in the capsaicin and glutamate tests. This study showed that oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction produced potent antinociceptive effects compared to treatment with rosmarinic acid

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre confirmação ou não da Covid-19, comorbidades e casos graves da síndrome respiratória aguda - SRAG em Pernambuco-Nordeste-Brasil. Os dados foram coletados do Banco de Dados Open Data SUS do Ministério da Saúde, com informações do período 29/12/2019 e 14/09/2020. As análises foram feitas com o pacote rpart do software R, o qual constrói modelos de classificação ou regressão que podem ser representados como árvores binárias. Os resultados revelaram percentual significativo de cardiopatias e diabetes (média de 51% e 40%, respectivamente) presentes em pacientes com quadro de SRAG, independente da etiologia, nas três áreas consideradas. Observou-se, também, que pacientes cardiopatas desenvolvem SRAG com maior frequência quando acometidos com COVID-19 (64,6%) do que com outras etiologias (35,4%). O mesmo foi observado para pacientes diabéticos com COVID-19 (67,1%) e para pacientes negativos para COVID-19 (27,7%). A taxa de letalidade apresentou-se maior entre pacientes com as duas comorbidades, isoladas (47,6% para diabetes e 45,3% para cardíacos) ou em associação (50,3%), acometidos por SRAG causados por COVID-19. Os resultados obtidos são relevantes para elaboração de medidas de saúde pública visando identificar pacientes de maior risco e desenvolver tratamentos precoces e específicos para reduzir a mortalidade nesses casos.

In the present study, buffalo milk caseinate hydrolysates produced by bromelain, neutrase, papain and trypsin were ultra-filtered and different fractions were assessed for antioxidant, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and antimicrobial activity. Biological potential was assessed by a number of metrics: ability to remove radicals of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyls; copper and iron chelation; antidiabetic properties; antihypertensive assay; and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19114, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strains. The tests for scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH revealed a greater potential in the 3–10 kDa fractions. Iron chelation activity >70% was observed in all the fractions, including 60% in fractions >10 kDa. α-Amylase inhibition and antihypertensive activity was optimal in the