Introduction: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but lethal infection of the brain caused by a eukaryote called Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri). The aim of this review is to consolidate the recently published case reports of N. fowleri infection by describing its epidemiology and clinical features with the goal of ultimately disseminating this information to healthcare personnel. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases until 31 December 2022 by two independent reviewers. All studies from the year 2013 were extracted, and quality assessments were carried out meticulously prior to their inclusion in the final analysis. Results: A total of 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses out of the 461 studies extracted. The cases were distributed globally, and 72.7% of the cases succumbed to mortality. The youngest case was an 11-day-old boy, while the eldest was a 75-year-old. Significant exposure to freshwater either from recreational activities or from a habit of irrigating the nostrils preceded onset. The symptoms at early presentation included fever, headache, and vomiting, while late sequalae showed neurological manifestation. An accurate diagnosis remains a challenge, as the symptoms mimic bacterial meningitis. Confirmatory tests include the direct visualisation of the amoeba or the use of the polymerase chain reaction method. Conclusions: N. fowleri infection is rare but leads to PAM. Its occurrence is worldwide with a significant risk of fatality. The suggested probable case definition based on the findings is the acute onset of fever, headache, and vomiting with meningeal symptoms following exposure to freshwater within the previous 14 days. Continuous health promotion and health education activities for the public can help to improve knowledge and awareness prior to engagement in freshwater activities.

Purpose: This purpose of this manuscript is to study the effect of marketing mix on consumer purchasing behaviour in the context of the Malaysian cosmetics sector. Theoretical framework: The conceptual model for this study was developed based on previous research in the field of consumer behaviour and marketing globally. The conceptual model has four variables that affects consumer purchasing behaviour Design/methodology/approach: A survey instrument in the form of a structured questionnaire was designed based on a careful review of pertinent literature. This study collected empirical data from 240 respondents of cosmetic customers. Multiple regression is used to test the significance of the research model. Findings: Promotion and location are significant predictors of consumer behaviour. Promotion and location have a substantial impact on customer purchase behaviour in the local cosmetics business, although goods and price have no significance effect Research, Practical & Social implications:The implication drawn from this study aids marketing managers to focus their resource on the key variables that consumer buying behaviour. Originality/value: This study contributes information to the academia and practitioners on marketing factors that can improve the sales performance and give the organization a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Dengue remains a public health concern due to limited curative treatment and safe vaccine availability. Prevention by individual is utmost necessary but its practice is still lacking. Perceived risk to disease has been reported to exert a good effect on health behaviour change. However, limited evidence showed its relationship towards attitude and practice for dengue prevention. Hence, we aim to measure the mediating effect of dengue risk perception in the relationship between dengue attitude and dengue prevention practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to November 2021 in a district of Seremban using a pre-validated questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents prior to inclusion in the study. The study was approved by the ethical research committee. A total of 347 respondents took part in the survey, but only 341 data points were included in the final analysis. The majority of the respondents were female (63.0%), of Malay ethnicity (86.8%), married (55.4%), and currently employed (71.0%). The pooled confirmatory factor analysis result demonstrated an RMSEA value of 0.038 (0.90), TLI value of 0.9565 (>0.90), and ChiSq/df = 1.479 (<3.0). All the hypotheses for direct effect yielded a significant and positive relationship. Bootstrapping analysis to test for mediation revealed a partial mediation effect as both indirect and direct effects are significant. Risk perception is a mediator variable between attitude and dengue prevention practice. Therefore, our recommendation is to increase health awareness activity that helps to improve individual’s risk perception through active health promotion and a health educational campaign that inculcates dengue risk messages. Ultimately, this effort can enhance good health prevention behaviour.

Understanding that globalization creates a strong need to break down communication barriers within regions and cultures, companies are confronted with this challenge. The classic communication models, which are typically constrained by geographical and technical considerations, are no longer able to address the issues organizations involved in international operations face. This paper discusses and elaborates on improved communication models to enhance global business communication, ensuring smooth, efficient communication among teams and stakeholders. The concept revolves around developing an advanced communication technology platform that incorporates artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, and secure means of transmitting information for seamless communication. This research project evaluates current communication models, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes a more advanced communication model that incorporates AI-assisted language translation, improved data security, and advanced cloud architectures. The simulation of the model in various business scenarios aims to establish whether it would be useful in improving communication efficiency while minimizing latencies and ensuring secure exchange of data. The results indicate that the new model surpasses conventional models in terms of performance. The proposed model is characterized by lower latencies of 50ms compared to the 120ms in traditional models, higher throughput rates of 500 messages per second compared to 300 in conventional models, and higher data integrity levels of 99.9% compared to 95% in existing models. The research also observed a 5% improvement in translation accuracy as measured by the BLEU score. The findings show that the proposed model is superior to conventional systems in terms of speed of communication, the level of security, and adaptability in various global environments. The research implications for international business operations are immense and provide a strong solution to the challenges of overcoming communication barriers in international business. Through embracing innovative communication models, a business is able to enhance its cooperation, productivity, and develop stronger and resilient bonds in the global markets, thus leading to its success in the long term.