Food insecurity is a public health problem as it affects a wide array of individuals in the population. It can be characterized by food deprivation, lack of essential nutrition, lack of dietary education, lack of adequate storage conditions, poor absorption, and poor overall nutrition. The relationship between food insecurity and micronutrient deficiency requires more effort to deepen and discuss the relationship. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between food insecurity and micronutrient deficiency in adults. The research was conducted according to PRISMA using the Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs/BVS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl databases. Studies carried out with male and female adults were included, which investigated the correlation or association between food insecurity and the nutritional status of micronutrients. There were no publication year, country, or language restrictions. A total of 1148 articles were found, and 18 of these were included, carried out mainly on the American continent and with women. The most evaluated micronutrients were iron and vitamin A. Food insecurity was associated with nutrient deficiency in 89% (n = 16) of the studies. As a result of the meta-analysis, it was observed that there is a greater chance of anemia and low levels of ferritin among food insecure individuals. It is concluded that food insecurity is associated with micronutrient deficiency. Understanding these problems allows the creation of public policies capable of contributing to changes. Protocol registration: This review was registered on the PROSPERO-International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database—CRD42021257443.

Objetivou-se nesta revisão sistemática relacionar situação de insegurança alimentar, detectada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), com indicadores antropométricos, dietéticos e sociais. Realizou-se busca em bases eletrônicas (ScieLO, LILACS, MEDLINE), com seleção dos estudos pelos títulos e resumos, e posteriormente por leitura integral. Incluiu-se estudos identificados nas referências bibliográficas. Dos 215 revisados, 15 contemplaram critérios de inclusão (associação entre indicadores antropométricos, dietéticos ou sociais com insegurança alimentar, detectada pela EBIA), sendo que três contemplaram mais de uma variável de interesse. Observou-se relação entre insegurança alimentar e índices estatura/idade e peso/idade em crianças, e para obesidade em mulheres. Menor consumo de alimentos reguladores, construtores e ferro, e maior consumo de carboidratos associou-se à insegurança alimentar. Houve relação entre indicadores sociais, como menor renda e escolaridade, ausência de vínculo empregatício e saneamento básico. A EBIA apresentou associação, em alguns estudos, com indicadores nutricionais e sociais, mas deve ser utilizada conjuntamente com outros instrumentos, visando abranger múltiplas dimensões da segurança alimentar e nutricional.

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar sistematicamente os indicadores utilizados na avaliação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional e os fatores associados, em estudos brasileiros. Após seleção nas bases de dados e busca reversa, utilizando os termos de busca, incluiu-se 89 artigos. A maioria destes avaliou a insegurança segundo indicador de percepção, utilizando Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (83,1%), Escala Americana (5,62%) e perguntas isoladas (2,25%). Os demais avaliaram pela presença de desnutrição em crianças (1,12%), gastos com alimentação (1,12%), consumo alimentar de adulto equivalente (1,12%), protocolos (2,25%) e modelos de predição (2,25%). A insegurança alimentar e nutricional, mensurada pelos distintos indicadores, associou-se a fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, condições de saúde e estilo de vida, consumo alimentar e estado nutricional, tendo como unidade amostral famílias, grupos etários específicos, beneficiários de programas governamentais, entre outros. A maioria dos estudos avaliou apenas a dimensão alimentar da insegurança, reforçando a dificuldade de avaliação desta complexa situação.

Background: Excess adiposity is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to compare cardiometabolic risk factors in eutrophic adolescents with a high body fat percentage (%BF) with eutrophic adolescents with adequate %BF and those with excess weight and %BF. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1043 adolescents. This study presented power equal to 99.75%. Body fat and anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Participants were grouped according to body composition classified by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.2, adopting a significance level of 5%. The Mann–Whitney test, principal components analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: It was observed that the SG was more similar to GC2 than to GC1 for both sexes, demonstrating that there was a greater similarity between these groups in relation to the evaluated factors. Higher values for TC, SBP and TG were associated with the SG when the CG1 was used as reference, controlled for sex and age. Likewise, higher TC values and lower levels of SBP, TG and LDL were related to SG when the CG2 was used as reference. Conclusion: Body fat assessment is more effective in predicting risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases than BMI alone.

The majority of studies on anemia are focused on children and women of reproductive age. Although the disease is a widespread public health problem, studies that include the rural population are scarce. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adults and the elderly living in the rural area of a municipality in Minas Gerais. Twelve rural communities were included. During home visits, hemoglobin levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer to check for the presence or absence of anemia. Additionally, anthropometric data and food insecurity data based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) were collected. A questionnaire about socioeconomic, demographic, and housing conditions was applied. Analyses were performed using the Stata software version 13.0. Spearman correlation and regression analysis logistics were performed (p < 0.05) on 124 families (n = 297 farmers). The prevalence of anemia was 41.1%, being higher among women (55.7%). Additionally, 40.1% of the farmers were food insecure; 52.7% and 80.5% presented excess weight and cardiovascular risk, respectively. Poverty was a reality for 39.7% of individuals. A positive correlation between hemoglobin levels and per capita income was found as well as a negative correlation with EBIA scores and cardiovascular risk. Multivariate analysis showed that individuals experiencing food insecurity, the elderly, and those who do not own a property, were more likely to be anemic. Farmers with per capita income above 1/2 minimum wage were less likely to have anemia. The prevalence of anemia in the group studied was higher than previous studies. The disease is associated with factors that also predispose to food insecurity. The improvement of the determinants of insecurity can contribute to the fight against anemia.

A alimentação escolar é um direito assegurado na Constitucional Federal do Brasil, sendo dever do Estado garanti-la a todos os estudantes matriculados na rede pública de educação básica. A principal forma de realizar essa garantia tem ocorrido por meio do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Desde março de 2020, quando a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a pandemia pela COVID-19, medidas diversas têm sido tomadas para o controle da doença, dentre elas a suspensão de aulas presenciais, colocando em risco a garantia do direito humano à alimentação escolar na rede pública de ensino. Diante disto, o presente artigo, por meio de uma revisão, apresenta e discute o processo de ressignificação e os desafios enfrentados pelo PNAE no contexto da pandemia. O mesmo aborda as principais mudanças ocorridas com a promulgação da Lei n° 13.987/2020, regulamentada pela Resolução CD/FNDE n° 02/2020, que autorizou, em caráter excepcional, durante o período de suspensão das aulas, a distribuição de gêneros alimentícios adquiridos com recursos do programa às famílias dos estudantes. Além disto, apresenta as modalidades adotadas pelas Entidades Executoras e as atribuições dos diferentes atores de alimentação escolar do país, no contexto da pandemia, destacando seus reflexos na segurança alimentar e nutricional deste público.